林麝饲养种群mtDNA遗传多样性和遗传结构分析

Analysis of mtDNA genetic diversity and genetic structure of captive forest musk deer population

【目的】研究林麝饲养种群的遗传多样性现状及遗传结构,为指导种群遗传管理及其饲养种群种质保护与利用提供理论依据。【方法】遴选陕西省宝鸡市凤县的片仔癀麝场和逢春麝场,汉中市留坝县的太子岭麝场,采用分子粪便学的方法,采集220份新鲜的粪便样品,成功获得112条mtDNA控制区序列,计算单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性。【结果】在3个林麝繁育基地共检测到96个变异位点,均为简约信息位点,突变形式为转换和颠换,未出现插入和缺失现象;共获得36个单倍型,单倍型多样性和核苷酸多样性分别为0.9578和0.0395,单倍型多样性以片仔癀麝场最高,为0.9539,留坝群体最低,为0.8428;饲养种群间出现显著的遗传分化,其中,太子岭麝场和逢春麝场的遗传分化系数F_(ST)(0.1377)最高,而太子岭麝场和片仔癀麝场的F_(ST)(0.0772)最低。【结论】饲养林麝种群较之众多濒危有蹄类饲养种群的遗传多样性高,但林麝饲养种群之间基因交流较少,建议实施基于非损伤取样的粪便mtDNA分析技术对群体内和群体间进行遗传管理,保护饲养林麝种群现有的遗传多样性。

[Objective]The research aimed to study the genetic diversity and genetic structure of the captive forest musk deer population,and provide scientific basis for guiding the population genetic management and protection and utilization of breeding population germplasm.[Method]This study collected 220 fresh samples from Pianzaihuang Musk Deer Farm and Fengchun Musk Deer Farm in Feng County,Baoji City,and Taiziling Musk Deer Farm in Liuba County,Han Zhong City of Shaanxi Province,northwestern China and sequenced 112 mitochondrial DNA control region sequences successfully.Haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were calculated.[Result]The 96 mutation sites were detected in the three forest musk deer breeding farms,all of which were simple information sites,with the mutation forms of conversion and translocation,without insertion or deletion.A total of 36 haplotypes were obtained,and the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.9578 and 0.0395,respectively.The haplotype diversity was the highest in Pianzaihuang population(0.9539)and the lowest in Liuba population(0.8428).The three populations showed significant genetic differentiation,among which the genetic differentiation coefficient FST(0.1377)of Taiziling musk deer population and Fengchun musk deer population was the highest,while the FST(0.0772)between Pianzaihuang and Taiziling was the lowest.[Conclusion]The genetic diversity of the captive forest musk deer is higher than that of many endangered ungulate species in captive,but the gene exchange among their breeding population is limited,and genetic differentiation has appeared.It is suggested to strengthen the exchange of genetic sources and enhance the gene exchange in order to help protect the genetic diversity of forest musk deer populations in captive.