专项功能性训练促进学龄前儿童(3~6岁)基本动作技能发展的实证研究

An empirical study on the effects of special functional training promoting the development of fundamental movement skills of preschoolers(3~6)

尝试将专项功能性训练融入基本动作技能中,采用TGMD-2作为测试工具,探讨专项功能性训练对学龄前儿童基本动作技能发展的影响.将104名3~6岁学龄前儿童分成实验组(52名)和对照组(52名).实验组进行本研究中专项功能性训练,每周3次,每次50 min,共12周,对照组在相同时间内进行幼儿园正常体育活动.结果显示:①经过专项功能性训练干预后,实验组学龄前儿童基本动作技能发展水平总得分、身体位移技能得分、物体操控技能得分均显著高于干预前(P<0.01);②实验组与对照组学龄前儿童在干预前无显著差异(P>0.05),专项功能性训练干预后实验组学龄前儿童基本动作技能水平明显高于对照组(P<0.01).研究认为:专项功能性训练比正常体育活动对学龄前儿童基本运动技能的提高更有效;由于专项(乒乓球)的特点,使专项功能性训练在对物体操控能力方面的影响更加突出.建议学龄前儿童可以通过不同的专项特别设计功能性训练方案,在提高基本动作技能的同时也可以学习专项技能,促进学龄前儿童身体活动的全方位发展.

This study attempts to integrate special functional training into basic motor skills,and uses TGMD-2 as a testing tool to explore the impact of special functional training on the development of preschool children’s basic motor skills.104 preschoolers aged 3~6 years old were divided into experimental group(52)and control group(52).The experimental group received special functional training in this study,50 minutes each time,3 times a week for 12 weeks.The control group received normal physical activities in the kindergarten within the same time.①After special functional training intervention,the total score of basic motor skill development level,body displacement skill and object control skill of preschool children in the experimental group were significantly higher than those before intervention(P<0.01);②There was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group before intervention(P>0.05),and the level of basic motor skills of preschoolers in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group after the intervention of special functional training(P<0.01).Special functional training is more effective than normal physical activities in improving the fundamental movement skills of preschool children;due to the characteristics of table tennis special,special functional training has a more prominent influence on the ability of object control subtest.It is suggested that preschool children can specially design functional training programs through different special projects.While improving their fundamental movement skills,they can also learn special skills to promote the all-round development of preschool children’s physical activities.