香菇热风干燥品质特性分析与工艺优化

Quality characteristics analysis and process optimization of hot air drying of Lentinus edodes

为提升热风干燥过程后香菇的品质,该文以新鲜香菇为原材料实施变温干燥和间歇干燥,从温度、色泽、含水率、能耗及复水能力五方面进行实验测试,并与恒温干燥方法对比。结果表明,采用变温干燥方法干燥的香菇温度分布更加均匀,不仅单个香菇的各处温差较小,且不同香菇个体之间温升一致,间歇干燥次之;变温干燥和间歇干燥后香菇色泽参数值改变较小,亮度值、红绿度值和黄蓝度值均只小幅降低,最大色差值分别为7.42和7.87,保证了香菇的内在营养成分,而恒温干燥后香菇的最大色差值高达22.38;恒温干燥后香菇含水率下降速度快,同时复水率最低,为92.59%,变温干燥复水率最高,达143.65%;间歇干燥的单位时间能耗为0.056 kW·h,低于恒温干燥的0.105 kW·h及变温干燥的0.083 kW·h。可见,变温干燥对提升香菇的品质具有显著作用,而间歇干燥的节能效应明显。研究结果可为不同干燥要求下热风干燥工艺的优化提供借鉴。

To improve the quality of Lentinus edodes after hot air drying,fresh Lentinus edodes were used as raw materials for the treatment of variable temperature drying and intermittent drying.Experimental tests were carried out in five aspects:temperature,color,moisture content,energy consumption and rehydration ability,and compared with the constant temperature drying.The results showed that the temperature distribution of Lentinus edodes dried by variable temperature drying was more uniform.Not only the temperature difference of a single Lentinus edodes was small,but also the temperature rise of different Lentinus edodes was the same.The temperature field uniformity of intermittent drying was the second.After variable temperature drying and intermittent drying,the color parameters of Lentinus edodes changed little.The brightness value,red-green value and yellow-blue value decreased only slightly,and the maximum color difference values were 7.42 and 7.87 respectively.However,the maximum color difference value of Lentinus edodes after constant temperature drying was as high as 22.38.After constant temperature drying,the water content of Lentinus edodes decreased rapidly,and the rehydration rate was the lowest,at 92.59%.The rehydration rate of variable temperature drying was the highest,up to 143.65%.The energy consumption per unit time of intermittent drying was 0.056 kW·h,which was lower than 0.105 kW·h of constant temperature drying and 0.083 kW·h of variable temperature drying.Therefore,variable temperature drying has a significant effect on improving the quality of Lentinus edodes,while intermittent drying has an obvious energy-saving effect.The results can provide a reference for the optimization of the hot air-drying process under different drying requirements.