聚酮类化合物研究进展

Research progress of polyketides

聚酮类化合物是由植物或微生物产生的一类次级代谢产物,在自然界中来源广泛,目前已有上万种聚酮类化合物被发掘。聚酮类化合物具有复杂的化学结构以及丰富的生理活性,包括抗菌活性、抗肿瘤活性、抗氧化活性等,被广泛应用于农业,食品工业和医疗保健等领域。近几十年来,人们进行了大量的研究,对聚酮类化合物生物合成机制的了解逐渐深入。然而天然的聚酮类化合物不能完全满足社会需要,因此构建非天然聚酮类化合物成为研究的热点。该文介绍了聚酮合酶的分类、构造与催化机理;部分天然聚酮类化合物及其宿主;构建非天然的聚酮类化合物的技术以及应用实例,并对聚酮类化合物的生物活性进行概述,最后指出了目前聚酮类化合物研究的不足,并对未来聚酮类化合物的开发及应用方向进行了展望。

Polyketides are a class of secondary metabolites produced by plants or microorganisms and have a wide range of sources in nature.At present,tens of thousands of polyketides have been discovered.Polyketides have been widely used in agriculture,food industry,medical care and other fields based on their complex chemical structures and abundant physiological activities,including antibacterial activity,antitumor activity,antioxidant activity and so on.In recent decades,many studies have been carried out to deeply understanding the mechanism of polyketide biosynthesis.However,natural polyketides cannot fully meet the needs of society,so the construction of unnatural polyketides has become a research hotspot.Therefore,this review mainly summarized the research progress on the classification,structure and catalytic mechanism of polyketide synthase;some natural polyketide compounds and their hosts;the construction technology and application examples of unnatural polyketide compounds,and the biological activities of polyketide compounds.Finally,the shortcomings of current research on polyketide compounds were pointed out,and the development,as well as the application direction of polyketide compounds in the future were prospected.