信息冗杂、事件认知与公众应对行为的形成机制——以六起国际关注的突发公共卫生事件为例

Information Redundancy,Event Cognition and the Formation Mechanism of Public Coping Behavior:Taking Six Public Health Emergencies of International Concern as Examples

在突发公共卫生事件的危机情境中,公众对事件认知的需求与社会信息供给出现结构性错位,为形成冗杂性的网络舆情场提供了必要条件。已有研究认为公众行为是信息和认知单链条作用的结果,未能充分理解不同信息和个体特质对公众应对行为的复杂作用机制。文章聚焦于六起国际关注的突发公共卫生事件,借助爬虫工具获取大量的微博评论数据,运用扎根理论方法,具体考察危机信息、事件认知对公众应对行为的作用机制。研究发现:面对冗杂的舆论信息场,公众对信息的接收具有显著的选择性特征,并会根据个人立场和偏好形成事件认知。同时,受到应对行为的情绪渲染和效果暗示的强化影响,事件认知极易固化,促使公众应对行为出现极化倾向。此外,在这一作用路径中,应对行为本身也会通过引发衍生信息,或者直接转化的方式,重新成为冗杂场域中的新信息。文章进一步发现了存在于信息、认知和行为之间的多重影响路径,深刻分析了三者在网络事件中的复杂关系,弥补了过去对公众行为简单线性形成路径理解的不足,丰富了认知行为等理论,为后续政府引导个体行为提供了理论借鉴。

In the context of a public health crisis,the public’s need for event cognition and the supply of social information are structurally misaligned,which provides necessary conditions for the formation of a complex network of public opinion fields.Existing research believes that public behavior is the result of a single chain of information and cognition,and fails to fully understand the complex mechanism of action of different information and individual characteristics on public coping behavior.The article focuses on six public health emergencies of international concern,uses crawler tools to obtain a large amount of Weibo and its comment data,as well as uses grounded theoretical methods to specifically examine the mechanism of crisis information and event cognition on public coping behavior.Research has found that,in the face of a complex field of public opinion information,the public has significant selective characteristics in receiving information,and will form event cognitions based on personal positions and preferences.At the same time,affected by the enhanced emotional rendering and effect hints of coping behaviors,event cognition can easily lead to polarization of public coping behaviors due to solidification.In addition,in this action path,the coping behavior itself will also become new information in the redundant field by triggering derivative information or direct conversion.The article further discovers multiple influence paths between information,cognition,and behavior,deeply analyzes the complex relationship between the three in network events,and makes up for the lack of understanding of the simple linear formation path of public behavior in the past,and enriches Cognitive behavior and other theories provide a reference direction for the subsequent government to guide individual behavior.