怒江大峡谷“瓦拉亚窟”溶洞景观及地质旅游资源评价

Evaluation of karst cave landscape and geological tourism resources in"Walayaku"of Nujiang grand canyon

“瓦拉亚窟”洞穴系统地处怒江峡谷,岩溶发育动力条件优越,在滇西北及青藏高原南延区域约4 km2的狭小范围发育了垂向分布超过五、六百米,洞系总长达27 km以上,洞体巨大,岩溶发育演化地史形迹丰富,是滇西北及青藏高原南延区域规模巨大的迷宫式溶洞系统。具有空间上分层、分支及形变复杂多样,溶蚀、沉淀、侵蚀、搬运、沉积形态和物质丰富多彩的景源特征,对“三江并流”区喜山运动以来的地质演化、岩溶作用与水文地质研究等皆有重要的价值。笔者根据前人探洞考察资料,结合新的区域地质、环境地质和旅游地质调查等资料,以及现状考察了解获得的信息,以地质学、自然资源学和美学理论为指导,对“瓦拉亚窟”洞穴系统的形成条件、结构体系和景观、形成及演化历史进行了系统的分析论述,评价了地质旅游资源价值,提出了合理开发和有效保护的策略和建议。

"Walayaku"cave system is located in Nujiang canyon,and its dynamic condition of karst development is superior.In a narrow range of about 4 km2 develops a huge cavern with the vertical distribution of more than 5-6 hundred meters and with a total length of more than 27 km.With rich geologic features in the evolution of karst de⁃velopment,"Walayaku"cave systemis a vast labyrinth cave system in northwest Yunnan and the south part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau."Walayaku",rich in colorful landscape sources,is characterized by complex stratification,branching and deformation,dissolution,precipitation,erosion,transporting,and sedimentary morphology.There⁃fore,it is of great value to the studies on geological evolution,karstification and hydrogeology in the area of"Three Parallel Rivers"since the Himalayan movement.In this paper,we take the previous data of cave explora⁃tion,the current survey data of regional geology,environment geology and tourism geology,and the investiga⁃tion of the present situation in"Walayaku"as basis.Meanwhile,under the guidance of the theories of geology,nat⁃ural resources and aesthetics we systematically analyze the formation conditions of"Walayaku"cave system,its structure system and landscape,and the formation and evolution history of the system.After evaluating the value of geological tourism resources,we put forward strategies and suggestions for the rational exploitation and effec⁃tive protection of"Walayaku"cave system.