土耳其棉花堡与中国黄龙和白水台钙华退化原因对比研究

Comparative study on the causes of travertine degradation between Pamukkale in Turkey and Huanglong,Baishuitai in China

通过比较中国四川黄龙、中国云南白水台、土耳其帕穆克卡莱棉花堡三地钙华景观的基本环境地质特征、钙华景观水化学、钙华沉积生物因素的差异性,探讨了土耳其棉花堡钙华退化缓慢的影响因素。对比发现,棉花堡景区藻类约为38种,种类单一,植被覆盖率较低,沉积主要受物理化学因素控制,沉积速率较快,多形成较好的层状结构,杂质少,且原生孔隙度较低,结构致密,结晶度较高,不易坍塌损坏;黄龙和白水台景区藻类分别为86种、196种,种类多样,且植被覆盖率皆高达80%以上,沉积主控于化学和生物因素,沉积速率较慢,结构呈多孔疏松状或多孔珊瑚状,原生孔隙度普遍较高,易退化。此外,棉花堡钙华景区泉水各离子含量均高于黄龙和白水台景区,尤其是Ca2+和HCO3,这能有效促进CaCO3的沉积。

The factors of slow degradation of travertine in Pamukkale Turkey were discussed by comparing the ba⁃sic environmental geological characteristics,hydrochemistry of travertine landscape,and biological factors of trav⁃ertine sedimentation in Huanglong,Sichuan,Baishuitai,Yunnan,China,and Pamukkale,Denizli,Turkey.The results showed the species of algae in Pamukkale was single with about 38 species,and the vegetation coverage rate was low.Besides,travertine deposition was mainly controlled by abiotic factors,and the deposition rate was relatively high.Travertine had a good layered structure,low primary porosity and compact structure,so it was not easy to collapse and damage.However,the species of algae in Huanglong and Baishuitai were diverse with about 86 and 196 species,respectively.And both vegetation coverage rates were above 80%.Travertine deposition was mainly controlled by biological factors with the low-rate deposition,the porous structure,the loose or porous corallike and the high primary porosity,resulting in easy degradation Besides,the contents of ions in the spring water of Pamukkale travertine were higher than that of Huanglong and Baishuitai travertine,especially Ca2+and HCO3,which could effectively promote the deposition of CaCO3.