高等职业教育分类考试的功能分析、问题表征及改革建议

Functional Analysis,Problem Representation and Reform Suggestions of Classified Examination in Higher Vocational Education

高等职业教育分类考试作为一项考试招生制度具备重要的制度功能:在国家层面,满足我国经济发展对不同类型和层次人才的需要;在社会层面,保障人才选拔的公平性,维护社会稳定;在学校层面,发挥导向作用,提高职业教育的质量水平;在个体层面,树立发展信心,促进阶层流动。高等职业教育分类考试的问题表征集中体现为三对矛盾:在制度愿景上,官方定位与民间期望之间的矛盾;在考核内容上,保证公平与凸显特色之间的矛盾;在招考过程上,确保生存与优化生源之间的矛盾。在改革方向上,高等职业教育分类考试应重视个体发展需求,为职业教育人才积极创造上升通道;坚持文化理论考核,增强分类考试制度的公平性和权威性;开放教育选择市场,优化高等职业教育的资源配置;稳步发展职业本科教育,提升高等职业教育吸引力。

As an examination enrollment system,the classified examination of higher vocational education has important institutional functions:at the national level,it meets the needs of different types and levels of talents for China's economic development;at the social level,ensure the fairness of talent selection and maintain social stability;at the school level,play a guiding role and improve the quality of vocational education;at the individual level,establish development confidence and promote class mobility.The problem representation of classified examination of higher vocational education is mainly reflected in three pairs of contradictions:in terms of institutional vision,the contradiction between official positioning and people's expectations;in terms of assessment content,the contradiction between ensuring fairness and highlighting characteristics;in the recruitment process,the contradiction between ensuring survival and optimizing the source of students.In the direction of reform,the classified examination of higher vocational education should pay attention to the needs of individual development and actively create a rising channel for vocational education talents;adhere to the examination of general courses and enhance the fairness and authority of the classified examination system;optimizing the allocation of higher vocational education resources;steadily develop vocational undergraduate education and boost the attraction of higher vocational education.