安徽某医学院校新生童年期虐待及留守经历与抑郁症状的关系

Association of childhood maltreatment and left-behind experience with depressive symptoms among freshmen in a medical college

目的描述医学新生童年期虐待和抑郁症状的检出率,并探讨童年期虐待和留守经历与抑郁症状的关系。方法采用自编一般人口学调查表、童年期创伤问卷简版中文版、贝克抑郁问卷第二版中文版于2020年10月对安徽某医学院校2020级入学新生进行调查,共调查3446人,获取有效问卷3319份。调查对象年龄(18.40±1.24)岁;男1338人,女1981人;有留守经历者1224人,无留守经历者2095人。结果3319名医学新生抑郁症状总检出率为11.3%,生源地为城镇或城市的医学新生抑郁症状检出率高于农村的医学新生(P<0.05)。医学新生4种童年期虐待的总检出率为12.6%,其中情感虐待3.2%,躯体虐待2.1%,性虐待3.2%,情感忽视8.4%。有留守经历的医学新生4种童年期虐待总检出率、情感虐待、性虐待和情感忽视检出率及童年期虐待总分均高于无留守经历者(P<0.001)。4种童年期虐待类型与医学新生抑郁症状均存在正向关联(P<0.05/0.001)。在童年期虐待因素中有留守经历者比无留守经历者抑郁症状检出率高(P<0.001)。童年期虐待在留守经历与抑郁症状间具有完全中介作用。结论童年期虐待与抑郁症状关系密切,有童年期虐待和留守经历的医学新生抑郁症状检出率高。

Objective To describe the detection rates of childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms,and examine the association of childhood maltreatment,left-behind experience and depressive symptoms among freshmen in a medical college.Methods In October 2020,a general survey used the general demographic questionnaire,the Chinese version of CTQ-SF and the Chinese version of BDI-II was conducted on the 2020 freshmen of a medical college in Anhui Province.A total of 3446 people were investigated and 3319 valid questionnaires were obtained.The age of the respondents(18.40±1.24)years old;1338 males and 1981 females;1224 people have left-behind experiences and 2095 people have no left behind experiences.Results The total detection rate of depressive symptoms was 11.3%.Compared with the medical freshmen in rural areas,the detection rate of depressive symptoms was higher in urban medical freshmen(P<0.05).The total detection rate of four kinds of childhood maltreatment was 12.6%in medical freshmen,including emotional abuse 3.2%,physical abuse 2.1%,sexual abuse 3.2%and emotional neglect 8.4%.Compared with medical freshmen without left-behind experience,the detection rates of total childhood maltreatment,and emotional abuse,sexual abuse and emotional neglect were higher(P<0.001),and the total score of CTQ was also higher(P<0.001).There were positive correlation between the four types of childhood maltreatment and the depressive symptoms in medical freshmen(P<0.05~P<0.001).On the premise of childhood maltreatment,the detection rate of depressive symptoms in medical freshmen with left-behind experience was higher than that without left behind experience(P<0.001).Childhood maltreatment plays a complete mediating role in the relationship between left-behind experience and depressive symptoms.Conclusion Childhood maltreatment is closely related to depressive symptoms.The detection rate of depressive symptoms was the higher in medical freshmen with childhood maltreatment and left-behind experience.