3~6岁儿童体智能评价指标体系构建与实证

Construction and empirical study on evaluation index system of bodily intelligence for children aged 3-6 years old

构建3~6岁儿童体智能评价指标体系,为我国儿童体智能的评价与测量提供参考。基于文献分析和德尔菲法确立3~6岁儿童体智能评价指标体系及评分标准,以上海市6个区547名幼儿体智能测试结果作为样本数据,运用SPSS和Mplus对指标体系进行项目分析、探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析和信效度检验,并在多元方差分析和正态分布检验的基础上建立上海市常模。结果:该指标体系包含精细动作技能、位移技能、操控技能、稳定技能和问题解决能力5个维度共16个题项,各题项的难度和区分度适宜,同质性信度、重测信度和评分者信度良好,探索性和验证性因子分析显示指标体系的结构效度较好,多元方差分析显示体智能发展水平在年龄上存在显著差异。结论:3~6岁儿童体智能评价指标体系可以有效评估儿童体智能发展,且年龄常模的建立可以为儿童体智能评价提供参考标准。

To construct the evaluation index system of bodily intelligence in children aged 3-6 years old,so as to provide reference for the evaluation and measurement of children's bodily intelligence in China.Based on literature analysis and Delphi method,the evaluation framework and scoring criteria of the bodily intelligence index system for children aged 3-6 were established.Taking the bodily intelligence test results of 547 children in 6 districts of Shanghai as sample data,SPSS and Mplus were used to carry out item analysis,exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis and reliability and validity test.The Shanghai norm is established on the basis of multivariate analysis of variance and normal distribution test.Results show that:The index system included five dimensions of fine motor skills,locomotor skills,manipulation skills,stability skills and problem-solving skills,with a total of 16 items.The difficulty and discrimination of each item were appropriate,and the homogeneity reliability,test-retest reliability and rater reliability were good.Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the structural validity of the index system was good,and multivariate analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in age.It can be concluded that the index system constructed in this study is an effective tool to evaluate the bodily intelligence of children aged 3-6 years old,and the establishment of age norm can provide reference standards for the evaluation of children's bodily intelligence.