基于LDA主题模型的我国基本农田政策量化研究

Quantitative Study on the Basic Farmland Policy in China Based on LDA Topic Model

【目的】对基本农田政策文本进行量化分析,挖掘政策文本整体和阶段性特征,为今后政策建设提供参考。【方法】收集1994—2021年国家基本农田政策,利用LDA主题模型构建基于词语和文档的主题分析,对我国基本农田政策文本进行挖掘,实证分析整体与阶段(初创巩固阶段、精细规范阶段、完善强化阶段和成熟推进阶段)政策文本的高频词、主题强度和热门主题的变化趋势。【结果】从整体上看,基本农田的划定、建设和保护是基本农田政策的持续性热门主题,基本农田的保护管理趋向于精细化;分阶段看,初创巩固阶段是一个完整的实践过程,政策主题覆盖广泛;精细规范阶段国家基本农田政策开始呈现多元化,注重管理方式的信息化;完善强化阶段强调基本农田的质量提升与数量稳定并重;成熟推进阶段政策重点向永久基本农田监测监管转变,基本农田保护工作正在进入新的发展阶段,但缺少基本农田保护与生态文明建设统筹发展的具体政策指导。【结论】我国基本农田政策发展呈现出阶段性特征,各阶段工作重点突出、发展方向明确,对基本农田的保护管理趋向于精细化。未来永久基本农田政策一方面坚持保护与监管并重,严守永久基本农田控制线;另一方面协同与创新并行,促进良好政策关系形成。

【Objective】Based on the quantitative analysis of the basic farmland policy texts,the overall and periodic characteristics of the policy texts are explored,and reference for the future policy construction is provided.【Method】With the national basic farmland policies from 1994 to 2021,LDA model is used for topic analysis of words and documents.Then the texts of basic farmland policy are interpreted to empirically analyze the high-frequency words,theme intensity and the change trend of hot topics in the policy texts from whole timeline and specific stages(the initial consolidation stage,the fine standardization stage,the improvement and enhancement stage and the mature promotion stage).【Result】The delimitation,construction and protection of basic farmland are continually the hot topics of basic farmland policy,as the protection and management of basic farmland tends to be refined.The stage of initial establishment and consolidation is a complete process of practice,covering a wide range of policy themes.In the stage of fine regulation,the national basic farmland policy began to show diversification,focusing on the informatization of management mode.At the stage of improvement and strengthening,the national basic farmland policy began to pay equal attention to quantity and quality.In the mature stage,the national policy focuses on the monitoring and supervision of permanent basic farmland,and the basic farmland protection is entering a new stage of development,but there is a lack of specific policy guidance for the coordinated development of basic farmland protection and ecological civilization construction.【Conclusion】The characteristics of basic farmland policies in China are various at different stages.At different stages,the focuses are obvious and development direction is definite,and the protection and management of basic farmland tends to be refined.On the one hand,protection and supervision of should be equally emphasized in the future policy of permanent basic farmland.On the other hand,harmony and innovation should be attached equal importance for the the formation of a good policy relationship.