江苏“水稻-小龙虾”综合种养稻田杂草群落及其防控技术调查:以12个基地为例

Weed Community Structure and Its Prevention and Control Technology in the“Rice-Crayfish”Integrated Farming Fields in Jiangsu:A Case Study with 12 Planting Bases

为揭示江苏“水稻-小龙虾”综合种养稻田杂草群落结构和农户杂草防控措施现状,对灌南、盐都、盱眙、高邮、广陵、溧阳、常熟等7个地方12个稻虾综合种养基地开展田间调查和农户访谈。结果表明,在120块稻虾田内共记录到25种杂草;稻虾轮作田禾本科杂草和千金子的优势度显著高于稻虾共生田。稻虾轮作稻田杂草以稗属杂草、杂草稻、千金子、李氏禾、异型莎草、水苋菜属杂草、鸭舌草为主;稻虾共生稻田杂草以杂草稻、稗属杂草、千金子、异型莎草为主。除有机栽培模式外,稻虾轮作稻田控草方式为“土壤处理+茎叶处理+人工拔除”,稻田杂草防控总用药和人工成本平均1863.75元/hm^(2)。稻虾共生稻田控草技术主要为“水层控草+龙虾控草+人工拔除”,部分稻田使用丙草胺、苄嘧磺隆等土壤处理除草剂,稻田杂草防控总成本平均907.50元/hm^(2)。

In order to reveal the structure of weed community in the“rice-crayfish”integrated farming fields and the current status of farmers’weed control measures in Jiangsu,we conducted field surveys and interviews with farmers in 12 integrated rice-shrimp farming bases in 7 places,including Guannan,Yandu,Xuyi,Gaoyou,Guangling,Liyang,and Changshu.The results showed that total 25 weed species were found in 120 rice-shrimp farming fields,and the dominance of gramineous weeds and Leptochloa chinensis in rice-shrimp rotation fields was significantly higher than that of rice-shrimp symbiosis fields.Principal weed species in surveyed rice-shrimp rotation fields included Echinochloa spp.,weedy rice,Leptochloa chinensis,Leersia hexandra,Cyperus difformis,Ammannia spp.and Monochoria vaginalis;principal weed species in surveyed rice-shrimp symbiosis fields included Echinochloa spp.,weedy rice,Leptochloa chinensis and Cyperus difformis.Except of organic cultivation mode,the weed management strategies in rice-shrimp rotation fields were“pre-emergence chemical control+post-emergence chemical control+manual removal”with a total cost of 1863.75 Yuan/hm^(2) on average.The weed management strategies in rice-shrimp symbiosis fields were“water control+shrimp control+manual removal”with a total cost of 907.50 Yuan/hm^(2) on average,a part of farmers applied pre-emergence herbicides such as bensulfuron-methyl and pretilachlor.