6种杀菌剂对马铃薯黑痣病菌的毒力和拌种防效

Toxicity of six fungicides to potato Rhizoctonia solani and control effect of seed tuber dressing

为了探索马铃薯黑痣病高效防控技术,本研究选择240 g/L噻呋酰胺SC、20%嘧菌酯WG、10%苯醚甲环唑ME、0.3%四霉素AS、100万孢子/g寡雄腐霉WP、1%申嗪霉素SC等6种杀菌剂进行室内毒力测定和田间拌种防效试验。结果显示,6种杀菌剂对马铃薯黑痣病菌均有抑菌作用,其中1%申嗪霉素SC、20%嘧菌酯WG、0.3%四霉素AS、100万孢子/g寡雄腐霉WP等4种杀菌剂的抑菌作用较强,EC_(50)分别为0.0044、0.2336、0.2562μg/mL和0.4752μg/mL。田间拌种结果显示,0.3%四霉素AS 100 mL拌100 kg种薯,对马铃薯出苗略有抑制作用;3种生物杀菌剂拌种,均能促进马铃薯植株生长;6种杀菌剂对马铃薯地中茎黑痣病和薯块黑痣病均有明显的防效,除0.3%四霉素AS处理外,其他5种处理均有显著的增产功效,其中100万孢子/g寡雄腐霉WP处理的防效和增产率最高,对马铃薯地中茎黑痣病和薯块黑痣病的防效分别为69.18%和50.04%;增产率为17.13%。

In order to explore the highly effective control technology of potato black scurf caused by Rhizoctonia solani,six fungicides,including thifluzamide 240 g/L SC,azoxystrobin 20%WG,difenoconazole 10%ME,tetramycin 0.3%AS,Pythium oligandrum 1×10^(6)/g WP and shenqinmycin 1%SC,were selected to test toxicity in laboratory and control effect of seed tuber dressing in the field.The results showed that the six fungicides had inhibitory effect on R.solani of potato.The EC_(50) of shenqinmycin 1%SC,azoxystrobin 20%WG,tetramycin 0.3%AS and P.oligandrum 1×10^(6)/g WP were 0.0044,0.2336,0.2562μg/mL and 0.4752μg/mL,respectively.The experiment of seed tuber dressing in the field showed that 100 kg seed potato tubers mixed with 100 mL tetramycin 0.3%AS had a slight inhibitory effect on the emergence of potato seedlings,and three kinds of biological fungicides could promote the growth of potato plants.The results showed that all the six fungicides had significant control effects on potato stem base black scurf and potato tuber black scurf caused by R.solani.Except for tetramycin 0.3%AS,the other five treatments had significant yield increasing effects.The control efficacy and yield increasing rate of P.oligandrum 1×10^(6)/g WP treatment were the highest,and the control efficacies on potato stem base black scurf and potato tuber black scurf were 69.18%and 50.04%,respectively,and the yield increasing rate was 17.13%.