陇东黄土高原塬区夏季气候变化对春玉米发育及产量的影响

Effects of summer climate change on spring maize development and yield in the Loess Plateau of Eastern Gansu

利用地处陇东黄土高原塬区的庆阳市西峰区1990—2018年夏季平均气温、降水量、日照时数、春玉米发育期及产量资料,分析了夏季平均气温、降水量、日照时数的变化特征及其对春玉米发育期和产量的影响。结果表明,夏季平均气温呈上升趋势,上升速率为每10年0.46℃;降水量呈波动增加趋势,增加速率为每10年4.22 mm;日照时数呈减少趋势,减少速率每10年为4.76 h。夏季平均气温偏高年较偏低年春玉米各平均发育期均提前,全生育期日数缩短,平均气候产量偏低;夏季降水量偏多年较偏少年春玉米各平均发育期均推迟,全生育期日数延长,平均气候产量偏高;夏季日照时数偏多年较偏少年春玉米各平均发育期均提前,但对全生育期日数和平均气候产量的影响不明显。夏季气象因子影响气候产量最显著的是降水量,其次是气温,日照时数与气候产量的相关性不显著。平均气温影响气候产量相关最显著的是拔节-抽雄期;降水量影响气候产量相关最显著的是拔节-抽雄期;日照时数影响气候产量相关最显著的是开花-吐丝期。

Based on the data of summer average temperature,precipitation,sunshine hours,spring maize development period and yield in Xifeng district of Qingyang city from 1990 to 2018,the variation characteristics of summer average temperature,precipitation and sunshine hours and their effects on spring maize development period and yield were analyzed.The results showed that the average temperature in summer was on the rise,and the rising rate was 0.46℃ per 10 years.Precipitation showed an increasing trend of fluctuation with an increase rate of 4.22 mm per 10 years;sunshine hours showed a decreasing trend,and the decreasing rate was 4.76 h per 10 years.The average development periods of spring maize in the years with higher average temperature in summer were earlier than those in the years with lower average temperature,the number of days of the whole growth period was shortened,and the average climatic yield was low.The average development period of spring maize in the years with more precipitation in summer was delayed compared with that in the years with less precipitation period was prolonged,and the average climatic yield was high.Summer sunshine hours advanced the average growth period of spring maize,but had little effect on the whole growth period and average climatic yield.Precipitation was the most significant factor affecting climate yield in summer,followed by temperature.The correlation between sunshine hours and climate yield was the least obvious.The most significant correlation between average temperature and climate yield is jointing-tasseling stage;the most significant correlation between precipitation and climate yield is jointing-tasseling stage;the most significant correlation between sunshine hours and climate yield is flowering-silking.