从盐田到沙田——晚明以降广东香山盐场的人群生计与社会变迁

From Salt Pan to Sand Flat:The Livelihood and Society of Xiangshan Salt Field in Guangdong Province Since the Late Ming Dynasty

在与海争利的时代,经济理性上的利益驱动、海洋环境的变迁以及国家和地方相关制度的实际运作等因素共同影响着滨海人群生计方式的选择,而生计方式的转变又影响着地方社会转型。珠江三角洲的香山地区就在晚明以降经历了从以制盐业为主要生计方式向开发和经营沙田为主的转变。伴随着这一转变,香山场本地的宗族势力逐渐取代外邑豪族,成为沙田开发的主体,并实现了当地宗族的联合。嘉道年间,地方官又与香山场地方组织十排联合起来,通过北帝城隍庙达成了利益交换,也由此承认了香山场人的社会结构转型。香山场人生计方式的转变与社会变迁表明,探究滨海地区的历史需要综合考量多种生计方式的互相作用,并结合地方的生计、制度和社会影响进行多元分析。

The interest, the changes in the Marine environment and the actual operation of relevant national and local institutions all affect costal people’s choose of livelihood and then the transformation of local society.Along with this change, the local clan forces of Xiangshan area gradually replaced the foreign clan, became the main body of the development of sand flat and realized the union of local clans. During the period of Emperor Jiaqing and Dao Guang’s reign,the local officials and the Xiangshan“Shipai”united an exchanged interests through the North Emperor Temple. The transformation of Xiangshan people’s social structure was thus recognized. The livelihood of Xiangshan people and the social transformation also show that the interaction of a variety of livelihood modes need to be considered.Combine with the local livelihood, system and social impact, a multivariate analysis could be made.