城市轨道交通行业噪声致听力损失的风险评估

Risk assessment of hearing loss caused by noise in urban rail transit industry

目的对城市轨道交通行业作业工人听力损失风险进行噪声风险评估,保护劳动者身体健康。方法采用ISO 1999:2003对2019年广州市某城市轨道交通行业作业工人听力损失风险进行综合评估,根据《职业性噪声聋的诊断》选取双耳高频的平均听阈≥40 dB作为发生高频听力损失的风险界线,较好耳语频和高频的加权值≥25 dB作为发生职业性噪声聋的界线,根据《噪声职业病危害风险管理指南》对噪声引起听力损失的风险概率进行分级。结果根据ISO 1999:2013,列车司机40、50、60岁发生由噪声引起高频听力损失风险为0~5.0%、0.8%和1.3%,列车检修40、50、60岁为0~5.0%、0.5%和0.7%,接触网检修岗位40、50、60岁为0~5.0%、1.0%和1.6%,风险等级均为可接受风险。结论ISO 1999:2003存在一定低估情况,80~85 dB也有可能引起听力损失,企业有必要加强对80~85 dB岗位职业卫生管理。合理保护劳动者听力健康。

Objective To carry out the noise risk assessment for the hearing loss caused by noise among workers in urban rail transit industry,protect their health.Methods ISO 1999:2003 was used to comprehensively assess the risk of hearing loss of workers in urban rail transit industry of Guangzhou City in 2019.According to the Diagnosis of Occupational Noise Deafness,the average hearing threshold of binaural high frequency≥40 dB was selected as the risk line for occurrence of high-frequency hearing loss,and the weighted value of better whispering frequency and high frequency≥25 dB was selected as the risk line for occurrence of occupational noise deafness.The risk probability of hearing loss caused by noise was graded according to the Risk Management Guide of Occupational Disease Hazards from Noise.Results According to ISO 1999:2013,the risk of high-frequency hearing loss caused by noise was 0-5.0%,0.8%and 1.3%for train drivers aged 40,50 and 60 years old,0-5.0%,0.5%and 0.7%for train repairman aged 40,50 and 60 years old,0-5.0%,1.0%and 1.6%for overhead line maintenance workers aged 40,50 and 60 years old,and the risk levels were all acceptable risks.Conclusions ISO 1999:2003 has some underestimation,80-85dB may cause hearing loss,and enterprises should strengthen the occupational health management of 80-85 dB posts.It is necessary to reasonably protect workers'hearing health.