广东地区城市轨道交通工程运行期职业病危害与应急救援现状分析

Analysis on occupational hazards and emergency rescue status during operation period of urban rail transit projects in Guangdong

目的了解广东地区城市轨道交通工程运行期潜在的职业病危害与应急救援设施设置状况,有效地预防职业危害事故发生。方法2020年6—10月运用现场调查、工程分析、现场实验法等调查分析城市轨道交通工程相关情况。结果广东地区城市轨道交通工程可能导致职业病危害的有害因素包括化学刺激性物质、硫化氢、氨、氯气、六氟化硫及夏季高温。车辆段内检修库、工程车库、洗车线和污水处理站可能发生的职业病危害有急性硫化氢中毒、急性氨气中毒、急性氯气中毒、眼部、皮肤刺激或中暑;车站内污水泵房与废水泵房可能发生的职业病危害有急性硫化氢中毒和急性氨气中毒;主变电站110 kVGIS室与33 kV配电室可能发生的职业病危害有缺氧窒息。结论针对可能发生的职业病危害,不同场所设置了相应检测报警装置、事故通风装置、应急药箱及应急洗眼喷淋器等应急救援设施。通过建立完善的应急救援设施与应急救援预案,强化应急管理,有效地避免或减轻员工职业伤害。

Objective To understand the potential occupational hazards and emergency rescue facilities during the operation period of urban rail transit projects in Guangdong,effectively prevent occupational hazard accidents.Methods From June to October 2020,the on-site investigation,engineering analysis,and on-site experiment methods were used to investigate and analyze the relevant situation of urban rail transit projects.Results The possible occupational hazards in urban rail transit projects of Guangdong included chemical irritants,hydrogen sulfide,ammonia,chlorine,sulfur hexafluoride,and high temperature in summer.The possible occupational hazards in maintenance warehouse,engineering garage,train washing line,and sewage treatment station in the depot included acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning,acute ammonia poisoning,acute chlorine poisoning,eye and skin irritation,and heat stroke.The possible occupational hazards in sewage pumping room and wastewater pumping room of the station included acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning and acute ammonia poisoning.The possible occupational hazard in 110 kV GIS room and 33 kV power distribution room of the main substation was hypoxia asphyxiation.Conclusions In response to possible occupational hazards,emergency rescue facilities such as detection and alarm devices,accident ventilation devices,emergency medicine boxes,and emergency eyewash sprinklers have been set up in different places.It is effective to avoid or reduce employees'occupational injuries by establishing complete emergency rescue facilities and emergency rescue plans,as well as strengthening emergency management.