功能农业关键科学问题研究进展与“十四五”发展建议

The review of key scientific issues of functional agriculture and development suggestions for“14th Five-Year Plan”

功能农业是赵其国院士在2008年提出的农业新概念,主要是指农产品的营养化、功能化,旨在解决全球性的“隐性饥饿”问题,并重点满足消费者“吃出健康”的新需求.香山科学会议第669次学术讨论会与会专家认为,历经13年的探索,功能农业已初步形成了独特的学科和科技创新体系,实现了从“0”到“1”的突破.本文扼要阐述了9个方面关键科学问题及其相关研究进展:(1)通过对全国及区域土壤中矿物质的时空分布特征,反映母质和成土过程对土壤矿物质的含量影响;(2)土壤与作物间矿物质的吸收、转化,如人工根系实验系统(ARE系统)的建立、土壤中矿物质生物有效性的评价方法,以及植物中功能成分的转化机理等;(3)矿物质和重金属密切相关的超富集植物研究;(4)功能农业生产中功能成分对生物和环境影响评价;(5)功能农业长期科学试验站的研究成果;(6)功能农产品所制备的食物在蒸、炒、煮等烹调过程中以及其他加工技术下的功能成分形态变化的相关研究;(7)在健康效应评价方面,对功能性产品对人体健康的影响及其机理,以及相关功能农产品的干预研究;(8)天然富硒营养强化项目的研究;(9)基准物质的研制情况.在功能农业新技术研发方面,概述了包括食品、土壤和植物等功能成分及其形态的快速检测技术,基于功能农业种养一体化的功能畜牧业研究,涉及抗性淀粉、花青素等稻麦功能种质培育,功能物质的精准给肥调控技术等,有关新方法、新设施、新设备的研究进展.但目前我国功能农业总体上尚处于发展初期,创新链条还不完备,科技创新体系缺少国家平台和支持系统性创新的重大项目,与国家战略需求、地方政府发展愿望还不匹配.针对这些问题,本文提出了我国“十四五”期间功能农业的发展目标,并提供了一些发展建议,希望有助于推动我国功能农业实现从“1”到“100”的跨越式发展.

Functional agriculture is a new concept in the research area of agriculture put forward by academician Zhao Qiguo in 2008,aiming at solving the global problem of“hidden hunger”of human beings.It also represents the new direction and trend of the development of the modern agricultural technology.After 13 years of exploration,the unique discipline system and scientific technical innovation system of functional agriculture have already been formed.In the 669th Xiangshan Science Conference,it was made clear that functional agriculture had achieved a breakthrough from“0”to“1”.“0”represents the earliest period in which functional agriculture is established,and we are now at the stage where considerable achievements of functional agriculture are being made,which is marked as“1”.This paper summarizes nine key scientific issues and related research progress in detail,as systematically showed as follows.Through the large-scale investigation of soil functional components and their effects on agricultural products,soil,plants and surface water,the effects of parent material and soil forming process on soil functional substances have beenstudied.Great progress on absorption and transformation of functional substances between soil and crops has been made,such as the establishment of Artificial Root Experimental System(ARE System),assessment methods on bioavailability of functional components and the transformation mechanism of functional components of plants.Several hyperaccumulator plants closely related to functional components and heavy metal were introduced,on the basis of which the mechanism of enrichment is discussed.Besides,the environmental impact assessment of functional components of functional agriculture production is also summarized in this paper.This topic mainly elaborates four subjects:plant protection of functional components,interaction between microorganism and many functional components,interaction among different functional components,and hazard and pollution control technology for functional fertilizers.This article also discusses the progress of studies on morphological variation of functional components of the food during different cooking processes such as fry,stir-fry and boil etc.and that of products processing of functional agriculture.In addition,the effects and mechanisms of functional substances and functional products on human health were introduced,and the studies on the intervention of functional substances and functional products was reviewed.Meanwhile,the latest development of technologies of functional agriculture is also outlined,including new methods,facility and equipment etc.,such as rapid detection of functional components and their morphology of food,soil and plants etc.,functional animal husbandry,germplasm cultivation,and precise regulation of functional substances.However,functional agriculture is still at the early development stage,and in the scientific and technological innovation system of functional agriculture,there are many tasks to undertake,such as the innovation of research method system,the perfection of technology innovation system,the safety and standardization of products,and the imperfection of industrial system.In order to achieve the above goals,this article finally puts forward to the top-level construction of development strategies of functional agriculture during the“14th Five-Year Plan”period,to promote the realization of the leap from“1”to“100”.