硼对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症发生的减缓作用

The mitigation effect of boron on the occurrence of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats

硼是人和动物的可能必需微量元素,具有多种生理调控作用,特别是对骨代谢.本研究建立大鼠卵巢摘除骨质疏松模型,通过长达22周的饮水补硼实验,研究硼元素对骨质疏松症的影响.84只大鼠随机分为7组,去卵巢组(ovariectomized group,OVX group)大鼠摘除卵巢,随机分为阴性对照组(蒸馏水,OVX)、阳性对照组(饮水中添加雌激素(estrogen,Est),OVX+Est)、3个补硼组(饮水中分别添加20、40、80 mg/L硼,OVX+B20、OVX+B40、OVX+B80);假手术组(Sham group)大鼠不摘除卵巢,仅摘除卵巢周围等量的脂肪,随机分为空白组(蒸馏水,Sham)和补硼组(饮水中添加40 mg/L硼,Sham+B40).实验期间,大鼠自由进水和饮食,于补硼后第9、22周取样.研究结果显示,硼可以促进幼稚软骨细胞数以及同源细胞群细胞数增加,减缓股骨干骺端组织显微结构的破坏,提高机体碱性磷酸酶活性、降低抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶活性,维持血清Ca、P、Mg含量,并降低体内丙二醛含量,提高机体抗氧化酶水平.因此,硼元素可以减缓但不能完全阻止去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的发生.

In recent years,unhealthy lifestyles and diet habits have resulted in poor bone growth and development,as well as bone metabolism disorders in adolescents.At the same time,bone metabolism disorder represented by osteoporosis has become the second disease that threatens human health after cardiovascular disease.The bone metabolism disease is a persistent problem in the livestock husbandry and pet industry,which has caused the death and elimination of livestock and poultry and has brought huge economic losses.Therefore,bone metabolic diseases not only threaten human health,but also seriously affect the economic benefits of the pet industry and livestock husbandry.While people focus on the prevention of animal bone metabolism diseases,they mainly focus on various vitamins and major elements,but ignore the trace element“boron”with a wide range of uses.Boron is a non-metal element,and its unique physical and chemical properties make it widely involved in the metabolic regulation activities of human and animal bodies.It promotes the immune function,antioxidant capacity,mineral and hormone metabolism,growth and production performance of animals,especially in bone metabolism which is essential trace element.A large number of studies have shown that boron deficiency will not only lead to bone dysplasia and even deformity,but also lead to bone structural changes,and disorders in bone formation and bone repair.Appropriate boron supplementation has positive effects on bone development and bone maintenance of humans and animals.In this study,the ovariectomized(OVX)rats were selected to establish an osteoporosis model,and the effects of boron on osteoporosis were studied by boron supplementation in drinking water during 22 weeks.Through the microscopic observation of the femoral metaphysis tissue structure in different periods(the 9th and 22nd week after boron supplementation),boron could slow down but not completely prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis.For a long time after the rats’ovaries were removed,the removal of the ovaries resulted in severe estrogen deficiency in rats.Although studies have shown that boron has an estrogen-like effect and could make up for the lack of estrogen,but not completely replace estrogen.Boron could inhibit the TRAP activity and reduce the bone resorption process,but the bone metabolism including bone resorption and bone formation of the OVX rat has also entered a steady state,ALP activity was still decreased and the osteogenesis effect was weakened.In addition,boron supplementation maintained the content of the serum Ca,P and Mg in the OVX rats,and those three elements mainly derived from the bone minerals of the skeletal system.Therefore,the rat body has been in a state of losing Ca,P,and Mg for a long time,and bone minerals loss will lead to osteoporosis if it goes on.The improvement of antioxidant capacity in OVX rats in the boron supplementation groups could slow down the damage of oxidative stress to osteoblasts and osteocytes,inhibit the differentiation and proliferation of osteoclasts,reduce the damage to the skeletal system,and delay the occurrence of osteoporosis.Therefore,boron could slow down but not completely prevent the occurrence of osteoporosis in OVX rats.