咖啡农林生态系统的复杂性

Complex Interactions in the Coffee Agroforestry Ecosystem

咖啡农林生态系统已经成为研究农林种植与生物多样性保护的典范,热带咖啡种植农林系统包含许多复杂多样的群落,丛林下的荫地咖啡种植到阳地咖啡种植,存在不同遮阴强度的咖啡种植园。本文初步研究咖啡食物网的4个方面:(1)营养相互作用(尤其是脊椎动物和捕食性蚂蚁);(2)性状调节的间接相互作用;(3)竞争和群落组合(主要是鸟类和蚂蚁);(4)群落组合的空间制约。

Coffee agrofbrestry ecosystems have become iconic in the study of how agriculture can contribute to the conservation of biodiversity and how biodiversity can deliver ecosystem services to agriculture.Coffee farms are also excellent model systems for ecological research.Throughout the tropics coffee farms are cultivated using varying numbers and diversity of shade trees,representing a gradient of diversity and complexity ranging from forest-like"shade coffee"to intensified shadeless"sun coffee." Here we synthesize ecological research in the coffee agroecosystem focusing on four topics that have received considerable recent attention:(1)trophic interactions(especially vertebrates and ants as predators);(2)trait-mediated indirect interactions;(3)competition and community assembly(mainly birds and ants);(4)spatial constraints on interactions.