应激状态下不同军兵种官兵心理健康状况及影响因素分析

Analysis on mental health status and influencing factors of different armed services under stress

目的 了解在应激状态下,不同军兵种官兵心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法 2019年11月—2020年6月采用一般资料调查表、军人心理健康自评问卷(self-reporting questionnaire 20,SRQ-20)、情绪调节问卷(emotion regulation questionnaire,ERQ)和心理弹性量表(connor-davidson resilience scale,CD-RISC)对2 153名海军舰艇部队、陆军驻疆部队、空军空降兵部队和火箭军全封闭式坑道作业部队官兵进行调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 应激状态下,海、陆、空、火箭军官兵的心理健康自评总分分别为(2.12±3.87)、(2.03±3.37)、(2.38±3.68)和(1.70±2.92)分,问题突出需要进行干预的分别达到10.25%、8.21%、10.23%和5.98%;不同军兵种官兵心理健康自评总分、情绪调节总分和心理弹性总分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);影响舰艇部队和空降兵部队官兵心理健康的主要因素均为坚韧性(均P<0.05),驻疆部队官兵为力量性和表达抑制(均P<0.01),全封闭式坑道作业部队官兵为力量性(P<0.01)。结论 应激状态下,不同军兵种官兵心理健康水平较差,坚韧性和力量性是影响其心理健康的重要因素,表达抑制是驻疆部队官兵心理健康特有的影响因素,不同军兵种之间存在一定差异,建议采取针对性措施提高官兵心理健康水平,增强军队战斗力。

Objective To explore the mental health status and its influencing factors of different armed services under stress.Methods A total of 2 153 officers and soldiers of the PLA Navy ship force,the PLA Army garrison in Xinjiang,the PLA Air Force airborne force and the PLA Rocket Force fully enclosed tunnel operation unit were investigated by self-reporting questionnaire 20(SRQ-20),emotion regulation questionnaire(ERQ),and Connor-Davidson resilience scale(CD-RISC) from November 2019 to June2020. And the data were analyzed. Results The total self-assessment score of mental health under stress of the officers and soldiers in the navy,army,air force and rocket force was(2.12±3.87),(2.03±3.37),(2.38±3.68) and(1.70±2.92)points,respectively. The proportion of those had serious mental health problems that needs intervention reached 10.25%,8.21%,10.23% and 5.98%,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the total score of mental health self-assessment,total score of emotional regulation and total score of psychological resilience among officers and soldiers of different armed services(all P<0.05). The main factor affecting the mental health of officers and soldiers in both naval forces and airborne troops was toughness(both P<0.05),the factors affecting officers and soldiers stationed in Xinjiang were strength and expression suppression(both P<0.01),and the factor affecting officers and soldiers in fully enclosed tunnel operation unit was strength(P<0.01). Conclusion Under stress,the mental health level of officers and soldiers in different armed services is poor. The toughness and strength are important factors of mental health.Expression suppression is a unique influencing factor of mental health in officers and soldiers stationed in Xinjiang. And there are some differences between different armed services. It is suggested that the corresponding measures should be taken to improve the mental health level of officers and soldiers,so as to enhance battle effectiveness.