大气污染物对呼吸系统疾病门诊量的影响

Influence of air pollutants on outpatients of respiratory system diseases

目的探讨广州市越秀区大气污染物对呼吸系统疾病日门诊量的影响。方法收集2014—2020年大气中SO_(2)、NO_(2)、细颗粒物(fine particular matter,PM_(2.5))、可吸入颗粒物(inhalable particle,PM_(10))、颗粒物(particulate matter,PM_(10-2.5))和臭氧8 h平均值(ozone 8-hour average,O_(3-8 h))等指标污染物数据、气象资料和越秀区3家医院的呼吸系统疾病门诊量资料。采用Spearman秩相关和多元逐步回归分析大气污染物浓度与呼吸系统疾病日门诊量的关系。结果大气污染物SO_(2)、NO_(2)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、PM_(10-2.5)和O_(3-8 h)浓度M(P_(25),P_(75))分别为9.0(7.0,12.0)、44.0(34.0,56.0)、30.0(20.0,43.0)、46.0(33.0,64.0)、16.0(11.0,23.0)和84.0(48.0,120.0)μg/m^(3),调查的3家医院呼吸系统疾病日门诊量M(P25,P_(75))为1722(1255,2193)人次/天。呼吸系统疾病日门诊量与大气NO_(2)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)和PM_(10-2.5)浓度呈正相关(r=0.238、0.076、0.142、0.214,均P<0.01)。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,大气中的NO_(2)、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10-2.5)进入呼吸系统疾病日门诊量回归方程(F=69.816,P<0.01)。结论大气污染物NO_(2)、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)-2.5浓度升高,人群呼吸系统疾病门诊量也随着升高,且儿童受影响更大。

Objective To explore the influence of air pollutants on the daily outpatient visits for respiratory diseases in Yuexiu District of Guangzhou City.Methods The data on pollutants of SO_(2),NO_(2),PM_(2.5),PM_(10),PM_(10-2.5)and O_(3-8 h)in the atmosphere,meteorological data and outpatient volume data of respiratory diseases in 3 hospitals in Yuexiu District from 2014-2020 were collected.Spearman rank correlation and multiple stepwise regression were used to analyze the relationship between atmospheric pollutant concentration and daily outpatient visits for respiratory diseases.Results The concentrations of air pollutants SO_(2),NO_(2),PM_(2.5),PM_(10),PM_(10-2.5)and O_(3-8 h)M(P_(25),P_(75))were 9.0(7.0,12.0),44.0(34.0,56.0),30.0(20.0,43.0),46.0(33.0,64.0),16.0(11.0,23.0)and 84.0(48.0,120.0)μg/m^(3),respectively.The M(P25,P_(75))of daily outpatient visits for respiratory diseases in the 3 hospitals investigated was 1722(1255,2193)person-times/day.The daily outpatient visits for respiratory diseases was positively correlated with atmospheric NO_(2),PM_(2.5),PM_(10)and PM_(10-2.5)concentrations(r=0.238,0.076,0.142,0.214,all P<0.01).Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that NO_(2),PM_(2.5)and PM_(10-2.5)in the atmosphere entered the regression equation of the daily outpatient visits for respiratory diseases(F=69.816,P<0.01).Conclusion With the increase of concentration of atmospheric pollutants NO_(2),PM_(2.5) and PM_(10)-2.5,the number of outpatient visits for respiratory diseases in the population also increases,and children are more affected.