脂肪间干细胞外泌体促进皮肤无疤痕修复的实验研究

Experimental study on adipose derived stem cell exosomes promoting scar free skin repair

目的探讨脂肪间干细胞外泌体在通过调节细胞外基质重塑促进皮肤无疤痕修复的效果。方法 2020年3月—2020年6月选取40只小鼠为研究对象,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组各20只。建立小鼠背部创伤模型,实验组小鼠经尾部注射0.2 mg/mL的外泌体悬液100μL,对照组小鼠则注射等剂量的PBS溶液。观察并对比两组小鼠残余创面面积、瘢痕横截面积、瘢痕抬高指数及瘢痕增生评分及基质金属蛋白酶1(MMP1)、基质金属蛋白酶3(MMP3)水平等指标。结果治疗前两组小鼠残余创面面积无明显差异(P>0.05),治疗后3 d、5 d及7 d观察组小鼠残余创面面积明显小于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组小鼠瘢痕横截面积明显小于对照组[(0.18±0.05)vs(0.37±0.09)],观察组小鼠瘢痕抬高指数低于对照组[(2.15±0.36)vs(4.27±0.39)],观察组小鼠瘢痕增生评分低于对照组[(5.12±1.07)vs(9.86±1.35)],差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组小鼠MMP1、MMP3含量分别为(12.38±1.76)ng/mL、(13.72±2.16)mg/mL,对照组中小鼠MMP1、MMP3含量分别为(20.52±2.85)ng/mL、(19.78±2.39)mg/mL,观察组中小鼠MMP1、MMP3含量明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论脂肪间干细胞外泌体可通过调节细胞外基质重塑促进皮肤无疤痕修复,能够调控相关基质金属蛋白酶的表达,促进细胞外基质的重建,进而有效抑制瘢痕的形成,提升皮肤修复质量,对皮肤伤口愈合具有一定的指导作用。

Objective To investigate the effect of adipose derived stem cell exosomes on scar free skin repair by regulating extracellular matrix remodeling.Methods From March 2020 to June 2020 totally 40 mice were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 20 mice in each group. The back trauma model of mice was established. The mice in the experimental group were injected with 100 μL of 0.2 mg/mL exosome suspension through the tail, and the mice in the control group were injected with the same dose of PBS solution. The residual wound area, scar cross-sectional area, scar elevation index, scar hyperplasia score and the levels of MMP1 and MMP3 were observed and compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in wound area between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05);At 3, 5 and 7 days after treatment, the wound area of the observation group was significantly smaller than that of the control group(P<0.05);The cross-sectional area of scar in the observation group was significantly smaller than that in the control group [(0.18±0.05) vs(0.37±0.09)], the scar elevation index in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [(2.15±0.36) vs(4.27 ±0.39)], and the scar hyperplasia score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [(5.12±1.07) vs(9.86±1.35)], the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);The contents of MMP1 and MMP3 in the observation group were(12.38±1.76) ng/mL and(13.72±2.16) mg/mL respectively, and the contents of MMP1 and MMP3 in the control group were(20.52±2.85) ng/mL and(19.78±2.39) mg/mL respectively. The contents of MMP1 and MMP3 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Adipose derived stem cell exosomes can promote scar free skin repair by regulating extracellular matrix remodeling, It can regulate the expression of related matrix metalloproteinases, promote the reconstruction of extracellular matrix, effectively inhibit the formation of scars, improve the quality of skin repair, and play a guiding role in skin wound healing.