湿热环境对生长育肥猪生长性能的影响

Effect of Hot-humid Environment on Growth Performance of Growing Pigs

研究湿热环境中温度、湿度以及温度湿度复合效应对生长育肥猪生长性能的影响,试验在夏季高温高湿气候条件下将生长育肥猪由(32±1.7)kg饲喂至(97±2.1)kg,将135头生长育肥猪分为9组,分别在7、8、9月初(各3组)开始进行饲喂,尽可能涵盖不同体重猪在不同温度和湿度区间下生产性能的变化,使用Osbern全自动种猪性能测定系统实时监测猪采食量及体重变化,同时监测室内外环境温湿度变化情况。结果表明:(1)高温(>27℃)显著影响(P<0.05)不同体重区间生长育肥猪的料重比和日增重,温度越高,生长育肥猪的日增重(ADG)越低,料重比(F/G)越高;(2)湿度对不同体重区间生长育肥猪的料重比和日增重影响并不显著(P>0.05),但总体来说随着湿度的增加生长育肥猪的料重比呈增大的趋势,平均日增重呈减小的趋势;(3)温湿指数(THI)结果显示,当THI>72时会显著(P<0.05)影响不同体重区间生长育肥猪的料重比和日增重,THI指数越高,生长育肥猪的日增重越低,料重比越高。试验结果说明,高温高湿环境中温度高于27℃会显著影响生长育肥猪生长性能的发挥,同样相对湿度高于80%也会影响生长育肥猪生长性能的发挥,而THI指数高于72时,生长育肥猪生长性能会受到抑制。

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high temperature and high humidity environment on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs.A total of 135 healthy pigs with an average body-weight of 32±1.7 kg to 97±2.1 kg were randomly divided into 9 groups in high temperature and high humidity environment.The pigs'feed intake and weight variation were recorded in a real-time way by the automatic performance measurement system(Osbern),in the meantime,the indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity were also monitored.The results showed(1)high temperature(>27℃)significantly(P<0.05)affected the F/G and ADG of growing-finishing pigs in different weight ranges,the higher temperature,the lower ADG,and the higher F/G.(2)Humidity had no significant(P>0.05)effect on the F/G and ADG of growing-finishing pigs in different weight intervals,but overall the F/G presented a trend of increasing with the humidity,while the ADG decreasing with the humidity;(3)When THI>72,it significantly(P<0.05)affected the feed-to-weight ratio and daily weight gain of growing-finishing pigs in different body weight ranges,but generally speaking,the higher the THI index,the lower the ADG and the higher the F/G.The results showed that the temperature above 27℃significantly(P<0.05)affects the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs,and the relative humidity above 80%also affects the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs.However,when the THI index is higher than 72,the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs will be inhibited.