基于高通量测序的牛床垫料发酵过程细菌群落变化研究

Study on Bacterial Community Variation in the Fermentation Process of Cow Bed Mattress Based on High-throughput Sequencing

为了探讨在外源菌剂作用下使用了3年的牛床垫料堆肥发酵过程中细菌群落变化的规律,采用三代高通量测序方法研究了牛床垫料堆肥发酵过程细菌群落的相对丰度、群落多样性及组成结构等的变化。结果表明:(1)添加腐熟菌后有利于牛床垫料的发酵进程,温度>50℃的时间保持了16 d,而对照和添加单一菌剂枯草芽孢杆菌则没有这种效果;(2)各处理牛床垫料发酵过程优势菌均为变形菌、拟杆菌、厚壁菌和放线菌等,发酵50℃以上的主要优势菌为厚壁菌,其在发酵7 d最高,发酵21 d和28 d相对丰度则显著降低(P<0.05);常温优势菌为变形菌和拟杆菌,其在发酵28 d相对丰度最高,显著高于发酵7和14 d(P<0.05);放线菌在高温期相对丰度显著高于降温期(P<0.05);(3)发酵14 d,菌剂对堆肥细菌数量影响较为明显,其中FS处理的变形菌和拟杆菌相对丰度显著降低,而厚壁菌和放线菌相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05)。研究结果揭示,细菌数量和群落结构受取样时间的影响大于菌剂。

To explore the variation law of bacterial communities in the process of fermentation of cow bed mattress used for 3 years under exogenous bacteria agent in this study,the three generation high-throughput sequencing method was used to study the changes in the relative abundance of bacteria,bacteria community diversity and composition during the compost process.The results showed that:(1)the addition of exogenous bacteria agent is beneficial to the cow bed mattress compost in which the temperature>50℃was maintained for 16 days,while the same performance was not observed in the control.(2)Proteobacteria,Bacteroides,Firmicutes and Actinomycetes were the dominant bacterial in 3 treatments,Firmicutes was the main bacteria when fermentation temperature was above 50℃,and it reached the highest relative abundance in 7 d,which were higher than those of 21 d and 28 d(P<0.05).Proteobacteria and Bacteroides were main bacteria in normal temperature,it reached the highest relative abundance in 28 d,which were higher than those of 7 d and 14 d(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the relative abundance of Actinomycetes in high temperature period was higher than it in the cooling period(P<0.05).(3)The addition of exogenous bacteria agent had obvious effect on bacterial count in 14 d,in which the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroides in FS treatment was significantly decreased,while the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinomycetes was significantly increased(P<0.05).It is concluded that the bacterial community structure is greatly affected by the sampling time than agent alone.