美国本科招生标准化考试的公平性危机——以加州大学停用SAT、ACT为例

The Equity Crisis of Undergraduate Admission Standardized Tests in the U.S.:The Case of the University of California Dropping SAT and ACT

美国高等教育界对于SAT和ACT两项招生标准化考试的公平性与预测效能长期存在争议。2020年5月,加州大学决定自2021年度起逐步停用两项考试。加州大学的相关档案资料表明,围绕促进公平、选拔卓越和引领加州教育三项政策目标,加州大学学术评议会与时任校长分别提出了价值取向相异的两套政策备选方案;尽管学术评议会主张沿用标准化考试能兼顾招生的卓越与公平,但为即刻提升弱势学生的入学机会,加州大学董事会最终支持了校长的提案,决定停用标准化考试。加州大学的决策反映出标准化考试的公平性问题突出,标准化考试在美国大学招生中可能走向衰落。

In the U.S.,there have been long-standing debates over the fairness and predictive value of standardized admission tests (SAT and ACT).In May 2020,the University of California (UC) decided to stop using the two tests.The archive data from UC shows:the Academic Senate and the then-President of UC,Janet Napolitano,proposed two policy alternatives respectively,which put emphasis on different policy goals-to enhance equity,guarantee selectivity,and to lead California education system.Though the Academic Senate advocated that keeping standardized tests would protect both equity and selectivity,the Board of Regents voted for the President’s proposal in order to expand access for the disadvantaged students instantly.The case indicates that the standardized tests are facing severe equity crisis,while this decision may signify the decline of standardized tests in the undergraduate admissions.