中国城市流动人口心理融入的地区差异与影响因素

Regional Differences and Influencing Factors of Urban Migrants’ Psychological Integration in China

基于2017年流动人口动态监测调查数据,分析了中国城市流动人口心理融入的区域差异和影响因素。结果表明:(1)流动人口心理融入处于较高水平;(2)流动人口心理融入区域差异显著。东南沿海及少数西部城市心理融入低于全国平均水平,东北、山东和川渝等地区心理融入高于全国平均水平;(3)流动人口心理融入存在空间集聚效应。除川渝地区外,热点区集中于北方地区,冷点区集中于东南地区。(4)拥有房产、雇主身份和较高受教育水平加快流动人口的心理融入;工资收入的增加不利于心理融入,这与相对剥夺感有关;参与"新农合"对流动人口心理融入具有约束效应;暂住证/居住证及基本公共服务均等化是实现心理融入的重要途径。城市经济快速发展利于流动人口心理融入。跨省流动存在抑制作用,经济发展水平、家庭规模和本地居留时间的作用不显著。

Since the reform and opening-up, cross-regional population mobility has reshaped China’s urbanrural relations and social structures, which enhancing the urban identity, sense of belonging and satisfaction of the migrants have become an important issue for deepening reform and sustainable urbanization. Based on the2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this study construct a multi-index evaluation system, and using GIS spatial analysis methods which analyzes the regional differences and spatial pattern. Beside, this study discusses the influencing factors of migrants’ psychological integration in 292 prefecture-and provincial-level cities of China. The results show that: 1) In the process of urbanization, the psychological integration index of the urban migrants in China is at a relatively high level, which the Chinese migrants has a positive willingness to integrate and a good experience of integration. 2) There are significant regional differences in the psychological integration of the migrants in China, which is inconsistent with the macro-social and economic development pattern. The level of the migrants’ psychological integration in the eastern coastal areas and a few far-western cities is lower than the national average level, which the northeast China, Shandong Peninsula, and SichuanChongqing Urban Agglomeration is higher than the national average level. Meanwhile, the level of migrants’ psychological integration in far-western cities are also at a relatively low level, such as Tibet and ShaanxiGansu-Ningxia Urban Agglomeration. 3) There is a spatial agglomeration effect on the migrants’ psychological integration. The hot spots are concentrated in northern China,which except for Sichuan-Chongqing Area.The cold spots are located in the southeast coastal areas of China, which presents a characteristic of north-south differentiation. 4) The migrants’ psychological integration is affected by multiple factors. With owner housing,employer employment status, and higher education level play an important role in promoting their psychological integration. However, the increase in wage income is not conducive to the process of psychological integration, which is related to the relative deprivation. There are differences in the household registration system and welfare arrangements between the outflow place and inflow place. To be specific, the migrants participating in the New Rural Cooperative Medical System in outflow place has a negative restraint effect on the psychological integration. Migrants with temporary residence card or residence card, while migrants with easier access to the urban public services are the main ways to achieve psychological integration. Furthermore, the speed of urban economic development is conducive to the migrants’ psychological integration. Finally, migrants with inter-provincial mobility have a negative effect. However, the economic development level, family scale and local residence time of the inflow place are not significant in the regression model.