某汽车制造厂电焊工颈部肌肉骨骼疾患影响因素分析

Neck musculoskeletal disorders and their influence factors among welders in an automobile factory

目的探讨某汽车制造厂电焊工颈部肌肉骨骼疾患(MSDs)患病情况及影响因素。方法于2019年6月,采取整群随机抽样方法,选择十堰市某汽车制造厂677名电焊工人作为调查对象,用《肌肉骨骼疾患调查表》进行问卷调查,分析颈部MSDs患病情况及影响因素,用logistic回归分析颈部MSDs的影响因素。结果电焊工颈部MSDs患病率为54.8%(371/677)。职业因素中暴露率从高到低依次是颈前倾[71.6%(486/677)]、头部重复性动作[55.1%(373/677)]、以不舒服的姿势工作[48.7%(330/677)]和颈扭转[46.8%(317/677)]。性别、年龄、文化程度、工龄、吸烟、颈前倾、颈扭转、以不舒服的姿势工作、头部重复动作是电焊工颈部MSDs患病的影响因素(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,颈部MSDs的主要影响因素是性别、文化程度、年龄、工龄、吸烟、颈前倾、以不舒服的姿势工作(OR=2.11、2.03、1.83、1.21、1.78、1.90、1.58,95%CI:1.28~3.48、1.47~2.81、1.33~2.52、1.03~1.41、1.22~2.60、1.28~2.83、1.11~2.27,P<0.05);工间休息对颈部MSDs有保护作用(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.17~0.88,P<0.05),结论汽车制造厂电焊工是颈部MSDs职业危险因素的高暴露人群,颈前倾、以不舒服的姿势工作、坐位工作、头部重复动作等职业危险因素应作为工效学干预的重点。

Objective To explore the prevalence and risk factors of neck musculoskeletal diseases(MSDs)of welders among an automobile factory.Methods In June 2019,a cluster random sampling method was used to select 677 electric welders from an automobile manufacturing plant in Shiyan City as the survey objects,and a questionnaire survey was conducted using the"Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire"to analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of neck MSDs,and used logistic regression to analyze the relationship between the influencing factors and the prevalence of cervical MSDs.Results The prevalence rate of MSDs in neck of welders was 54.8%(371/677).The exposure rate of occupational factors,from high to low,were neckin a bent formord porsure was 71.6%(486/677),repetitive head movements was 55.1%(373/677),working in uncomfortable postures was 48.7%(330/677)and neck twisted was 46.8%(317/677)respectively.Sex,age,educational level,length of service,smoking,neck tilt,neck twist,working in uncomfortable posture and head repetitive movements were the risk factors of neck MSDs(P<0.05).Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that,the main influencing factors of neck MSDs were sex,education level,age,length of service,smoking,neck tilt,working in uncomfortable posture(OR=2.11,2.03,1.83,1.21,1.78,1.90,1.58,95%CI:1.28~3.48、1.47~2.81、1.33~2.52、1.03~1.41、1.22~2.60、1.28~2.83、1.11~2.27,P<0.05),rest had protective effect on neck MSDs(OR=0.38,95%CI:0.17~0.88,P<0.05).Conclusion Welders in automobile factory was highly exposed to occupational risk factors for neck MSDs.Occupational risk factors such as neck in a bent forward posture,working in an uncomfortable posture,prolonged siting,repetitive head movement should be the focus of intervention.