从温和启蒙到激进启蒙——阿伦·盖尔对生态文明出路的哲学考辨及其理论得失

From Moderate Enlightenment to Radical Enlightenment——Arran Gare’s Philosophical Discernment on the Way of Ecological Civilization and Its Theoretical Merits and Demerits

当代著名环境哲学家阿伦·盖尔提出生态文明是人类文明的未来,并进一步从哲学维度考辨其出路,认为只有走有别于温和启蒙的激进启蒙之路方可创造生态文明的未来。激进启蒙的本质在于恢复宏大叙事的人文主义,克服"零敲碎打"思维或"技术行话"现象,从而实现文化转型,为走向生态文明铺平道路。这条激进启蒙之路强调了哲学之于一种文明形式(生态文明)的重要地位,深化了人文主义之于"人与自然是生命共同体"的诠释意义,具有一定的理论价值。然而,其理论旨趣亦有导向去政治化、伦理至上主义以及宗教神学的风险。对待盖尔的观点,我们应从总体上保持客观公允的辩证审视立场,确保能够更加科学全面地探寻生态文明的未来之路。

Arran Gare,a famous contemporary environmental philosopher,proposes that ecologicalcivilization is the future of human civilization,and further examines its way from a philosophical perspec-tive,arguing that the future of ecological civilization can only be created by following the path of radicalenlightenment as opposed to moderate enlightenment. The essence of radical enlightenment lies in resto-ring the humanism of grand narratives,overcoming the“piecemeal and in fragments”thinking or“tech-nical jargon”phenomenon,thus achieving cultural transformation and paving the way to ecological civili-zation. This path of radical enlightenment emphasizes the importance of philosophy for a form of civiliza-tion(ecological civilization)and deepens the interpretation of humanism that“man and nature are acommunity of life”,which possesses certain theoretical value. However,there is also a risk of depolitici-zation,ethical supremacy,and religious theology in its theoretical aims. We should maintain an objectiveand fair dialectical stance in dealing with Gare’s view in general to ensure a more scientific and compre-hensive exploration of the future of ecological civilization.