确定需求下供应链网络的最优结构和竞争力研究

The Optimal Structure and Competitiveness of Network Supply Chain Under Deterministic Demands

【目的/意义】大部分的供应链包括多个层级,每个层级有多家企业参与竞争,位于上个层级的企业向相邻的下个层级的企业供应零部件。目前,这个领域的相关研究还较少。【方法/设计】通过归纳和优化分析作为研究手段和方法,研究了一个多层级的供应链网络,供应链网络上每层级的需求和价格有线性关联关系。【结论/发现】供应链网络的最优结构是在下游层级相比上游层级有更多的企业;供应链网络总的供应量是供应链网络层级数量的减函数,并且竞争力指数从供应链网络的下游往上游逐级递增。同时,针对一些商业情形,当需求是固定的情况下,最优的供应链网络结构是在供应链网络的末端且只有一家企业;另外,关于竞争力指数的结论在这种情形下也不成立。这些结论说明了供应链网络下游层级的重要性,也同时为商业实践提供了一些洞见。

[Purpose/Significance]Most supply chains consist of multiple tiers,with multiple companies at each tier,and companies at an upper stream tier supply parts or products to the downstream tier.At present,the research in this area is still rare.[Design/Methodology]In this paper,we investigate a multitier network supply chain model with a linear price dependent function by inductive analysis and optimization methods.[Conclusions/Findings]The optimal structure of the network supply chain tends to have more companies at the downstream tier;the total supply of the network is a decreasing function of the total tier number of the network,and the competitiveness index increases upwards along the chain.However,it is found that the optimal structure has only one company at the downstream tier when the demand is fixed for some business scenario,with the same model configuration.In addition,the result of the increasing competitiveness index upwards along the chain does not hold for this scenario.The findings demonstrate the importance of the downstream tier supply chain network,and imply some insights in business.