CircRNAs生物化学功能及研究进展

Biochemistry Function and Research Progress of CircRNAs

目前临床广泛应用的肿瘤标记物无法实现此理想,为顺应新时代医疗的迅速发展并解决癌症高发病率、高死亡率,需要我们积极寻找一种新生标志物。环状RNA(Circular RNAs,CircRNAs)是通过非经典剪接方式将5′和3′末端连接在一起的闭合环状共价RNA结构,有直接反向剪接模型和套索驱动环化模型,不易被RNA酶降解,具有高度保守性和组织特异性。最近的研究表明,CircRNAs参与人类疾病的发生、发展和疾病的转归,尤其是在某些肿瘤中发挥不容忽视的一环,可能作为疾病诊断和治疗的潜在分子标志物。液体活检是一种使用人体体液作为样本的检测方法,可以预知和监视人类疾病的法生、发展及预后,而CircRNs作为一种新兴生物标志物在液体活检中占有不可忽视的一环。目前CircRNA数据库中数据不断完善,表达通路、表达分布已趋于明朗,其有望成为肺癌早期诊断的生物标志物和潜在的药物治疗靶点。

Currently, the widely used tumor markers in clinic are not able to achieve this ideal. In order to meet the rapid development of medical treatment in the new era and solve the high incidence rate and high mortality rate of cancer, we need to find a new biomarker actively. Circrnas are closed circular covalent RNA structures that connect the 5 ’and 3’ ends by non classical splicing. They have direct reverse splicing model and lasso driven cyclization model. They are not easy to be degraded by RNAses and have high conservation and tissue specificity. Recent studies have shown that circrnas are involved in the occurrence, development and prognosis of human diseases, especially in some tumors, and may be used as potential molecular markers for disease diagnosis and treatment. Liquid biopsy is a detection method using human body fluids as samples, which can predict and monitor the growth, development and prognosis of human diseases. As a new biomarker, circrns plays an important role in liquid biopsy. At present, the data in circrna database are constantly improving, and the expression pathway and expression distribution have become clear. It is expected to become a biomarker for early diagnosis of lung cancer and a potential target for drug therapy.