宋代海上丝绸之路诸国香料朝贡贸易规模与所持态度考察

Investigation on the Scales of Spice Tribute Trade of the Countries Along the Maritime Silk Road in the Song Dynasty and the Attitudes

从海上丝路诸国香料朝贡贸易规模来看,占城、三佛齐、大食等国对宋朝的香料朝贡贸易规模较大,且较为频繁,而交趾对宋朝的香料朝贡贸易虽然频繁,但规模却不大;其他诸国贸易规模或大或小,贸易次数也不多。从海上丝路诸国在香料朝贡贸易中所持态度来看,交趾、占城因地缘关系既有贸易利益诉求,又有政治诉求,而北宋中期以后则着重于贸易利益;三佛齐、大食、真里富、渤泥诸国与宋朝相距遥远,主要目的是获取经济贸易利益,别无其他诉求,同时在贡表中往往表达对宋朝的敬仰和大国地位的认可,但几乎没有华夷君臣意识。然而,宋朝对诸国贡表则按华夷君臣话语重新修改润色,从中强调华夷君臣关系和秩序以迎合自身的政治需要。

From the perspective of the scale of the spice tribute trade of the countries along the Maritime Silk Road, the spice tribute trade from Champaign, Sanfoqi, Dashi and other countries to the Song Dynasty was relatively large and frequent, while the spice tribute trade from Jiaozhi to the Song Dynasty was frequent. but not very large;the trade scale of other countries is large or small, and the number of trade was not much. From the perspective of the attitudes of the countries along the Maritime Silk Road, Cochin and Champa had both trade interests and political demands due to their geographical relations, while trade interests were emphasized after the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty;Sanfoqi, Dashi, Zhenlifu and Boni are far away from the Song Dynasty. They mainly obtained economic and trade interests and had no other demands. At the same time, they often expressed their admiration for the Song Dynasty and recognition of its status of a great power in the tribute table, but there was almost no sense of Chinese monarchs and ministers. However, the Song Dynasty’s tribute table to various countries was revised and polished according to the words of Chinese monarchs and ministers, emphasizing the relationship and order of Chinese monarchs and ministers to meet their own political needs.