江西省地方冬瓜种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Wax Gourd Resources Collected from Jiangxi Province Using Phenotypic Traits

为深入了解江西省地方冬瓜种质资源的变异特点和多样性,采用主成分分析、聚类分析和表型性状综合评价方法,对“第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动”中收集到的95份江西省地方冬瓜种质资源的12个表型性状进行了遗传多样性分析及综合评价。结果表明,不同环境条件下,95份冬瓜种质表型性状具有丰富的变异,遗传多样性指数的变幅为0.479~2.103,其中首雌花节位的多样性指数最高,瓜横径和瓜纵径次之。聚类分析将供试冬瓜种质资源划分为4个类群,第Ⅲ类群为大果型资源,具有高产潜力。第Ⅳ类群符合江西省粉皮、无棱沟、短圆筒冬瓜的消费习惯,可用作改良冬瓜商品性的亲本材料。主成分分析和综合评价结果表明,前5个主成分累积贡献率为67.586%,各冬瓜种质的综合得分范围为-0.92~1.03,4份得分高的种质资源新安粉皮巨型冬瓜、东园冬瓜、峡江冬瓜和黄坊冬瓜可作为核心育种资源加以利用。本研究系统评价了江西省冬瓜地方种质资源的遗传多样性,为后续冬瓜新品种选育提供科学依据。

To understand the genetic diversity of wax gourd germplasm resources,95 wax gourd germplasm resources collected from Third National Survey and Collection of Crop Germplasm Resources in Jiangxi province were used. The cluster analysis,principal component analysis,and multivariate evaluation of 12 phenotypic traits were carried out. These results revealed abundant phenotypic variations at each of traits,with the genetic diversity index of 0.479-2.103 under different environmental conditions. The diversity index of first female flower node was the highest,followed by fruit diameter and length. The cluster analysis suggested four groups,in which group Ⅲ was large-fruit wax gourd germplasm resources with a potential forhigh-yield varieties breeding.Group Ⅳ was suitable for spending habits with heavy wax powder,little furrow and short cylinder shape,and they could be used to improve the commercial properties in Jiangxi province.The principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation indicated that the cumulative contribution rate of the 5 main components was 67.586%.The comprehensive score of the wax gourd germplasm resources ranged from-0.92 to 1.03,the four accessions with high comprehensive scores were xinan giant wax gourd with powder,dongyuan wax gourd,xiajiang wax gourd and huangfang wax gourd,which could be used as the core breeding resources.Taken together,this result can provide an insights for variety breeding in wax gourd.