黄淮海大豆种质农艺与品质性状分析及综合评价

Analysis and Evaluation of Agronomic and Quality Traits in Soybean Germplasms from Huang-Huai-Hai Region

以303份黄淮海地区大豆种质资源为研究对象,利用变异系数和Shannon-Weaver多样性指数对11个农艺性状和2个品质性状进行多样性分析,通过主成分、相关性以及逐步回归分析对大豆种质资源进行综合评价和评价指标筛选,为黄淮海大豆种质创新和品种选育提供参考。结果表明:13个性状变异系数的变化范围为5.52%~27.61%,生育日数、每荚粒数、蛋白含量、脂肪含量等4个性状较稳定,株高、单株粒数、单株荚数、单株粒重、百粒重等5个性状变异丰富;13个性状多样性指数变化范围为1.9906~2.0956。聚类分析将303份大豆种质资源分为7个类群,其中第Ⅴ类群综合性状最好,可作为黄淮海大豆育种的优质亲本。主成分分析将13个性状简化为4个主成分,累积贡献率为75.051%,第1主成分与单株荚数、粒数有关;第2主成分与蛋白质、脂肪含量有关;第3主成分与籽粒大小有关;第4主成分与单株产量有关。303份大豆种质资源综合评价F值均值为0.549,ZDD04189涟水天鹅蛋的F值最高(0.935),ZDD23089晋品42的F值最低(0.207)。通过逐步回归分析得到生育日数、株高、单株粒数、单株粒重、蛋白质含量等5个表型性状,可以作为黄淮海大豆种质表型综合评价的主要指标。

Eleven agronomic traits and 2 quality traits in 303 soybean germplasm resources collected from Huang-Huai-Hai region were studied by using variation coefficient and Shannon-Weaver Information index.Principal component analysis,correlation and regression analysis were used to evaluate the soybean germplasm resources and select important characteristics,which provides reference for soybean germplasm resources innovation and breeding in Huang-Huai-Hai Region. The results showed that variation coefficients of 13descriptive traits ranged from 5.52% to 27.61%,and growth duration,seed number per pod,protein content,and fat content remained relatively stable,while large variations were found in plant height,seed number per plant,pod number per plant,seed weight per plant,and 100-seed weight. Meanwhile,Shannon-Weaver Information index of the above traits ranged from 1.9906 to 2.0956. Cluster analysis divided the 303 soybean germplasm resources into 7 Groups. Group V,which had excellent overall traits,was suitable for use as breeding materials in Huang-Huai-Hai Region. The cumulative contribution of the top 4 principal factors reached 75.051% in principal factors analysis. The first principal factor was related to pod number per plant and seed number per plant,the second principal factor was related to protein content and fat content,the third principal factor was related to seed size,the fourth principal factor was related to single plant yield. The average F value from the evaluation of phenotypic traits of 303 soybean germplasm resources was 0.549. Lianshui Tianedan(ZDD04189)had the highest F value(0.935),and Jinpin 42(ZDD23089)the lowest F value(0.207). Five phenotypic traits:growth duration,plant height,seed number per plant,seed weight per plant,and protein content,were selected as an evaluation index of phenotypic traits of soybean germplasm resources in Huang-Huai-Hai region by stepwise regression analysis.