2001-2020年包头市土地利用转型演变特征与生态安全影响

Evolution Characteristics of Land Use Transformation and Its Impact on Ecological Security in Baotou City During 2001-2020

[目的]从土地利用数量转型和社会、经济综合评价两个角度分析内蒙古自治区包头市土地利用转型与生态安全之间的影响关系,为打造北疆生态屏障区提供依据。[方法]采用ArcGIS的信息图谱法分析包头市2001—2020年土地利用转移情况,采用综合评价法分别测算土地生态安全、土地利用显性转型指数与隐性转型指数,利用耦合协调分析模型探讨两者之间的协调发展关系,利用计量统计法分析两者之间的因果关系。[结果](1)研究时期内建设用地扩张主要以消耗耕地为主,总共新增建设用地面积489.91 km^(2),新减耕地面积503.84 km^(2),新增草地面积84.43 km^(2);(2)研究时期内包头市土地生态安全状况整体好转,并与土地利用转型处于磨合阶段和高水平耦合阶段,且显性转型与生态安全之间的耦合度大于隐性转型与生态安全之间的耦合度;(3)土地利用显性转型负向影响土地生态安全,土地利用隐性转型则正向影响土地生态安全。[结论]包头市不仅要重视土地利用转型的数量,更要重视已经转型土地的高效利用,提高土地利用效率,保证存量土地优化,流量土地增效。

[Objective]The relationship between land use transformation and ecological security in Baotou City,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was analyzed from the perspectives of land use quantity transformation and social and economic comprehensive evaluation in order to provide a basis for building an ecological barrier area in Northern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.[Methods]Land use transfer of Baotou City during 2001—2020 was analyzed by using the information Atlas method of ArcGIS.The land ecological security,the dominant transfer index,and the invisible transfer index were calculated by using the comprehensive evaluation method.The coordinated development relationship was explored using the coupling coordination analysis model.The causal relationship was analyzed by using the econometric statistical method.[Results]①The expansion of construction land was mainly based on the consumption of cultivated land during the study period,with a total of 489.91 km^(2)of new construction land,503.84 km^(2)of new reduced cultivated land,and 84.43 km^(2)of new grassland;②The land ecological security in Baotou City had improved during the research period,and it was in the running stage and high-level coupling stage with land use transformation.The coupling degree between dominant transformation and ecological security was greater than the coupling degree between recessive transformation and ecological security;③The dominant transfer of land use had a negative impact on land ecological security,while the recessive transfer of land use had a positive impact on land ecological security.[Conclusion]The planners should not only pay attention to the quantity of land use transformation in Baotou City,but also pay more attention to the efficient use of the transformed land,improving the efficiency of land use,and ensuring the optimization of stock and the flow of land efficiency.