毛竹扩张对土壤甲螨群落结构的影响

Effects of Phyllostachys edulis Expansion on Soil Oribatid Mite Community Structure

为探究毛竹扩张对土壤甲螨群落结构的影响,于2019年夏季,采用样方法对广州市流溪河国家森林公园的竹林、竹阔混交林、常绿阔叶林等3个竹密度梯度林地土壤甲螨群落进行了调查,通过室内Tullgren漏斗法对土壤甲螨进行分离并鉴别。结果表明:共捕获土壤甲螨9259头,隶属于21科77属。竹林土壤甲螨中的优势类群为小奥甲螨属(Oppiella)和菌甲螨属(Scheloribates),竹阔混交林、常绿阔叶林样地土壤甲螨中的优势类群均为圆单翼甲螨属(Peloribates)。3种林分类型中土壤甲螨个体数量由多到少依次为竹林、常绿阔叶林、竹阔混交林,类群数由多到少依次为竹阔混交林、竹林、常绿阔叶林。3种林分类型的土壤甲螨群落Shannon-Weiner指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数、Margalef指数4个指数变化规律一致,由大到小依次为竹林、竹阔混交林、常绿阔叶林,且3个样地间Margalef指数差异显著(P<0.05)。竹林与常绿阔叶林的群落相似性为中等不相似,竹阔混交林与另外2种林地为中等相似。MGP分析I、II结果表明,3种林地的MGP分析I均属O型,但MGP分析II分别为O型(竹林)、O型(竹阔混交林)、P型(常绿阔叶林),说明常绿阔叶林土壤甲螨以体壁骨化程度较高的甲螨为主。

In order to explore the soil oribatid mite community by moso bamboo expansion,samples of Phyllostachy edulis forest,mixed P.edulis and broadleaved forest,and evergreen broadleaved forest were investigated and sampled by quadrat method respectively in Conghua Liuxihe Forest Park in summer of 2019.Soil oribatid mites were separated by indoor Tullgren funnel method and identified.The results showed that 9259 oribatid mites were captured,belonging to 21 families,77 genera.The dominant genera of P.edulis forest soil oribatid mites were Oppiella and Scheloribates,and mixed P.edulis and evergreen broadleaved forest,evergreen broadleaved forest both were Peloribates.In three forest stands,the individual number of soil oribatid mites was P.edulis forest,evergreen broadleaved forest,mixed P.edulis and evergreen broadleaved forest in descending order,but the number of genera was mixed P.edulis and evergreen broadleaved forest,P.edulis forest,evergreen broadleaved forest in descending order.The Shannon-Weiner index,Simpson index,Pielou index and Margalef index of soil oribatid mites community in three forest stands were P.edulis forest,mixed P.edulis and evergreen broadleaved forest,evergreen broadleaved forest in descending order,and Margalef index varied significantly between three forest stands(P<0.05).The similarity index of soil oribatid mite community showed that there was moderate dissimilarity between P.edulis forest and evergreen broadleaved forest.Mixed P.edulis and evergreen broadleaved forest is moderately similar to two other species of forest stands.The results of MGP analysis I and II in this study showed that MGP analysis I of three forest stands was O-type,but MGP analysis II was O-type(P.edulis forest),O-type(mixed P.edulis and evergreen broadleaved forest)and P-type(evergreen broadleaved forest)respectively,indicating that the oribatid mites in soil of evergreen broadleaved forest was mainly oribatid mites with higher ossification degree of body wall.