仿生超滑表面的设计与制备研究进展

Progress on the Design and Preparation of Bioinspired Slippery Surface

受自然界中猪笼草的启发,通过在粗糙结构中灌注稳定的低表面能液体,替代超疏水表面粗糙结构中的空气层,形成稳定连续的润滑油层,制备了注液超滑表面。由于润滑油层具有较低的表面自由能,许多液滴在其表面滑动阻力小,难以浸润和黏附在表面。基于超滑表面的这些特性,它们在防腐蚀、防冰冻霜冻、自清洁、抑菌以及防微生物黏附等方面具有广阔的应用前景。但是,由于润滑油具有流体特性,表面在实际使用过程中会面临润滑油损失问题,最终导致超滑表面性能失效。因此,提高超滑表面的稳定性、耐久性对其实际应用具有重要意义。近年来,为了减少超滑表面润滑油的损失,研究人员从超滑表面的设计制备出发,在粗糙结构的构筑、修饰剂和润滑油的选择等方面进行了大量的研究,并取得了丰硕的成果。本文从液体灌注超滑表面、固体超滑表面的设计和制备方面出发,详细综述了如何设计制备稳定性好的超滑表面,以延长超滑表面的使用寿命。首先,简要介绍了超滑表面的设计原则,从液体灌注超滑表面的设计和制备角度,详细综述了粗糙结构、修饰剂以及润滑油性能对超滑表面稳定性的影响。然后,总结了固体超滑表面的设计、制备方法及面临的问题。最后,对超滑表面的前景进行了展望,以期为制备稳定性和耐久性好的超滑表面提供参考。

Inspired by the Nepenthes pitcher in nature, the slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces(SLIPS) are prepared by injecting the low surface energy liquids into the rough substrate, forming a stable and continuous solid/liquid composite film, which isolates the substrate from direct contact with the ambient fluid. Due the low surface energy of the lubricating oil layer, various liquids with different surface tensions slide on the slippery surface with little resistance, and it is difficult to infiltrate and adhere to the surface. Based on these characteristics, the slippery surfaces have a wide range of applications in anti-corrosion, anti-icing/anti-frosting, self-cleaning, antibacterial, anti-microbial adhesion and so on. However, due to the fluid characteristics of the lubricating oil, the slippery surfaces will inevitably face the problem of lubricating oil loss in practical applications, eventually leading to the failure of slippery performance. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the stability and durability of slippery surface. In recent years, in order to reduce the loss of lubricating oil, a lot of research about the construction of rough structure, selection of modifiers and lubricating oil have been done from the design and preparation of slippery surface, which have achieved fruitful results. In this review, we mainly focus on how to design and prepare slippery surface with good stability and durability to prolong the longevity of slippery surface. Firstly, the design principles of slippery surfaces are introduced briefly. Then, the effects of rough structure, the properties of modifier and lubricating oil on the stability of slippery surface are reviewed in detail from the design and preparation of liquid-infused slippery surface. After that, the preparation process of solid slippery surface is summarized as well as the problems faced. Finally, the development prospects are reviewed in the hope that the review will provide reference for the preparation of slippery surface with excellent stability and durability.