冷喷涂铜基复合涂层摩擦学性能研究进展与展望

Research Progress and Prospect of Tribological Properties of Cold Sprayed Copper-based Composite Coatings

铜基复合涂层因其良好的导热、导电、耐腐蚀与耐磨损性能在轨道交通、海洋船舶及冶金化工等领域获得了广泛应用。粉末冶金、热喷涂及电镀等主要涂层制备技术存在制备温度高、基底热损伤严重及涂层内应力高等缺点,这严重限制了铜基复合涂层的发展与性能提升;而冷喷涂技术能克服以上缺点,可为具有良好力学与摩擦学性能铜基复合涂层的制备与应用提供新思路。然而,目前冷喷涂涂层制备过程中存在的硬质颗粒增强相与无机润滑相难沉积及其与基体间较弱的界面结合等问题,这些问题会对具有良好力学与摩擦学性能冷喷涂铜基复合涂层的设计与制备产生不利影响。因此,如何实现具有高致密度、低磨损与耐腐蚀冷喷涂铜基复合涂层的组分、结构设计与制备,将成为今后冷喷涂铜基复合涂层摩擦学性能研究的热点与难点。在研究冷喷涂铜基复合涂层制备及其摩擦学性能的过程中,研究人员通过金属包覆粉末与机械球磨等方法实现了硬质颗粒与无机固体润滑剂粉末在涂层基体中的有效沉积。此外,热处理、激光重熔及搅拌摩擦焊等涂层后处理工艺对改善冷喷涂铜基复合涂层的塑性及其内部颗粒的界面结合起到了积极作用,有望实现冷喷涂铜基复合涂层微观结构、力学性能与摩擦学性能的协同优化。本文综述了冷喷涂铜基复合涂层的摩擦学性能的研究现状及发展前景,总结了冷喷涂技术及其涂层沉积原理、冷喷涂铜基复合涂层摩擦学性能的研究进展及涂层后处理工艺等对涂层结构与性能的影响,以期为相关摩擦磨损的冷喷涂铜基复合涂层的设计、制备与应用提供参考。

Copper-based composite coatings have been widely used in vital fields such as rail transportation, marine ships, metallurgy and chemical in-dustry because of their good thermal and electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance and anti-wear property. The main coating deposition methods of powder metallurgy, thermal spraying and electroplating have the disadvantages of high preparation temperature, substrate thermal damage and high internal stress, which seriously limit the development and performance enhancement of the copper-based composite coatings.Cold spraying can solve the above problems and provide a new method for the preparation and application of the copper-based composite coating with good mechanical and tribological properties. However,at present, for the cold spraying, the hard particle reinforcement phase and inorganic lubrication phase are difficult to deposit and their interfaces with the matrix are weak. These shortages have adverse effects on the design and preparation of the cold sprayed copper-based composite coatings with good mechanical and tribological properties. Therefore, how to achieve design of the composition and structure, and preparation of cold sprayed copper-based composite coatings with the high density, low wear and corrosive resistance, become the focus and difficulty of the research on the tribological properties of cold sprayed copper-based composite coatings in the future. In the process of cold sprayed copper-based composite coating preparation and the studies of its tribological properties, the researchers realized the effective deposition of hard particles and inorganic solid lubricants by means of the metal coated powders and mechanical ball milling. In addition, heat treatment, laser remelting and friction stir welding play a positive role in improving the plasticity and the particle interface bonding of cold sprayed copper-based composite coatings, which is expected to achieve the synergistic optimization of microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of the coatings. In this paper, the research status and development prospect of thetribological properties of cold sprayed copper-based composite coatings are reviewed. The development of cold spraying and the principle of the coating deposition are provided. The research progress of the tribological properties and the influence of post-treatment technology on the structure and properties of the coatings are summarized. It is expected to be useful for the design, preparation and application of cold sprayed copper-based composite coatings that related to friction and wear.