“凌/陵迟”的联绵词化及相关理论问题

Lianmianlization of Lingchi(凌/陵迟)and Some Related Theoretical Issues

“凌/陵迟”成词于先秦,表示“衰落、平缓延伸”等,核心义素是“缓慢、渐渐”,是同义并列式复合词。其常用义不断变化,至辽宋时期成为刑律术语,表示“零割犯人致死”,其他义项逐渐消失。其意义变化的过程也是其不断联绵词化的过程,至元明时代成为联绵词。同时,构成成分“陵、迟”的常用义、字形、构词能产性也几经变化,都对“凌/陵迟”联绵词化有重要影响。联绵词研究应重视发展过程,克服唯古论和唯今论两种倾向。

Lingchi(凌/陵迟)is a synonym coordinate compound which originates from the pre-Qin period.It means a gradual extension,being slow and gradual is the core meaning of this word.The commonly used meaning of Lingchi(凌/陵迟)has constantly changed until the Liao and Song Dynasties,it was turned into a criminal law terms which means to put criminals to death by cutting the flesh bit by bit.The other senses fade away.The procedure of its meaning change is that of turning into a Lianmian Word changing.The changes of glyph and handwriting have significant influence on the procedure of its Lianmianlization.The research of the Lianmian Word should focus on the development process rather than the ancient or contemporary theories.