基于语料库的“仍然”与“照样”之多维辨察

A Corpus-based Multidimensional Discrimination of“rengran”(仍然)and“zhaoyang”(照样)

基于语料库的考察表明,副词“仍然”与“照样”在语义上具有一定的相似性,但也存在诸多差异。句法方面,“仍然”作状语不能加“的”与“地”,而“照样”存在“照样的”与“照样地”的形式;“仍然”后面一般不能修饰单音节动词的光杆形式,而“照样”可修饰单音节动词的光杆形式;“仍然”不能独用,而“照样”可独用。语法意义方面,“仍然”主要表示与时间推移相关的“延续义”,而“照样”既可表示与时间推移相关的“延续义”,也可表示关涉不同对象、条件的“类同义”。语义特征方面,“仍然”属于弱可控副词,具有[-企望]的语义特征,而“照样”属于强可控副词,具有[+企望]的语义特征。语用方面,“仍然”不具备话语衔接功能,而“照样”具备话语衔接功能;“仍然”书面色彩较浓,而“照样”口语色彩较重。

The corpus-based multidimensional discrimination study shows that the meaning of the adverb“rengran”(仍然)is similar to that of“zhaoyang”(照样),but there are many differences.In syntax,“rengran”as an adverbial cannot be added with“de”(的)or“de”(地),while“de”(的)and“de”(地)can be added after“zhaoyang”to form the forms of“zhaoyang de”(照样的)and“zhaoyang de”(照样地).The simple form of monosyllabic verbs cannot be followed by“rengran”,while the simple form of monosyllabic verbs can be followed by“zhaoyang”.And“rengran”cannot be used alone,but“zhaoyang”can be used alone.In semantics,“rengran”mainly refers to the meaning of“continuity”related to the change of time,while“zhaoyang”can not only indicate the meaning of“continuity”related to the change of time,but also the meaning of“similarity”related to different objects or conditions.In terms of semantic features,“rengran”belongs to the adverb of weak-controllable and non-expectant meaning,which has the semantic characteristics of[-expectation],while“zhaoyang”belongs to the adverb of strong-controllable and strong-expectant meaning with the semantic characteristics of[+expectation].In terms of pragmatics,“rengran”does not have the function of discourse cohesion,while“zhaoyang”has“rengran”is formal and not colloquial,while“zhaoyang”is more colloquial.