氮化硅陶瓷在牙科种植体方向的应用前景

Application prospect of silicon nitride ceramics in dental implants

氮化硅断裂韧性高,抗压强度与人体骨相似,可以满足种植体的基本力学要求,氮化硅具有良好的生物相容性,氮化硅表面的微米/纳米级形貌赋予其良好的成骨和抗菌性能,有助于降低种植体周围炎的发生率,因此,氮化硅在牙科种植体方面具有很好的应用潜力。在骨科,氮化硅植入物已应用于脊柱修复和关节植入术,但氮化硅作为牙科种植体材料的相关研究还比较匮乏。对不同烧结助剂、烧结工艺制备的氮化硅生物陶瓷成骨性、抗菌性能的评价和氮化硅对不同口内优势致病菌的抑制作用以及氮化硅材料植入颌骨后的成骨活性和抗菌性能均有待进一步研究。本文结合国内外最新的研究成果,对氮化硅陶瓷在牙科种植体方向的应用前景作一综述。

Silicon nitride has high fracture toughness and compressive strength similar to human bone. It meets the basic mechanical requirements of implants and has good biocompatibility. The micrometer/nanometer morphology surface characteristics of silicon nitride give it good osteogenic activity and antibacterial properties, which are helpful to reduce the incidence of periimplant inflammation. Therefore, silicon nitride has good application potential in dental implants. In orthopedics, silicon nitride implants have been used in spine repair and joint implantation. However, there is a lack of research on silicon nitride as dental implant material. The evaluation of the osteogenic and antibacterial properties of silicon nitride bioceramics prepared using different sintering additives and sintering processes, the antibacterial properties of silicon nitride on different dominant oral pathogens, and the osteogenic activity and antibacterial properties of silicon nitride materials implanted into the jaw need to be further studied. Combined with the latest research results at home and abroad, this review discusses the application potential of silicon nitride materials in dentistry.