铜铅硫化混合精矿高效分离新工艺研究

Study on New Technology of High Efficient Separation of Copper-Lead Sulfide Mixed Concentrate

铜铅硫化矿的高效浮选分离一直是选矿领域的重点和难点。针对铜铅硫化混合精矿,提出采用硫酸预处理—浮选分离新工艺,通过对黄铜矿和方铅矿单矿物硫酸处理前后的接触角测定、人工混合矿和实际铜铅混合精矿预处理—浮选分离试验研究,分析了硫酸对方铅矿和黄铜矿的作用机理,确定了最佳预处理条件。研究结果表明,硫酸预处理后方铅矿的表面接触角大幅降低并受到选择性抑制,而黄铜矿的可浮性不受影响;人工混合矿的最佳预处理条件为硫酸浓度2.0mol/L,温度100℃,处理时间25min;针对含Pb15.74%、Cu11.58%的实际铜铅混合硫化精矿,采用“预处理-铜铅浮选分离”新工艺,获得铜精矿Cu品位18.12%,含Pb2.87%,Cu回收率94.80%;铅精矿Pb品位36.15%,含Cu1.54%,Pb回收率89.92%的良好指标,对铜铅硫化混合精矿的高效分离提供了新思路。

The efficient flotation separation of copper-lead sulfide ore has been the key point and difficulty in the field of mineral processing.In this paper,a new process of sulfuric acid pretreatment-flotation separation is proposed for mixed copper-lead sulfide concentrates.By measuring the contact angles of chalcopyrite and galena before and after sulfuric acid treatment,the pretreatment-flotation separation experiments of artificial mixed ore and actual mixed copper-lead concentrates,the mechanism of sulfuric acid action on galena and chalcopyrite is analyzed and the optimal pretreatment conditions are determined.The results showed that the surface contact angle of galena was greatly reduced and selectively inhibited after sulfuric acid pretreatment,while the floatability of chalcopyrite was not affected;the optimal pretreatment conditions for the artificial mixed ore were sulfuric acid concentration of 2.0 mol/L,temperature of 100℃ and treatment time of 25 min;for the actual copper-lead mixed sulfide concentrate containing 15.74%Pb and 11.58%Cu,the new process of"pretreatment-copper-lead flotation separation"was used to obtain copper concentrate with Cu grade of 18.12%,containing 2.87%Pb and Cu recovery of 94.80%,lead concentrate with Pb grade of 36.15%,containing 1.54%Cu and Pb recovery of 89.92%.This thesis provides a new idea for the efficient separation of copper-lead sulfide mixed concentrate.