基于数字标本探究绿绒蒿属植物花期的变化

Exploring the flowering period change of Meconopsis based on digital specimen

近年来,随着全球气温的明显升高,气候变化引起的全球变暖受到人们的广泛关注。气候变暖会使植物物候发生改变,花期的变化能够直观地反映出植物对周围环境的适应,尤其是高山植物对气候变化更为敏感,因此探究高山植物的花期更具有代表性。为了解植物在气候变暖背景下花期的变化特征,并制定出合理的植物保护措施,该文以典型的高山植物绿绒蒿属为例,基于中国数字植物标本馆保存的自1880年至2017年的3056份高山植物绿绒蒿属标本数据,其中,有花标本归属年份共计104年,具有统计意义的有花标本为1539份,利用相关性分析对分布于中国的绿绒蒿属植物的花期和年份间的关系进行了研究。结果表明:(1)在气候变暖的背景下,随着年份的增加,绿绒蒿属植物的花期整体呈现延后的趋势。(2)种类之间存在差异,其中,全缘叶绿绒蒿(Meconopsis integrifolia)、红花绿绒蒿(M.punicea)、总状绿绒蒿(M.racemosa)、川西绿绒蒿(M.henrici)、长叶绿绒蒿(M.lancifolia)、椭果绿绒蒿(M.chelidonifolia)6种绿绒蒿,随着年份的增加,花期呈现延后的变化趋势;多刺绿绒蒿(M.horridula)、五脉绿绒蒿(M.quintuplinervia)和滇西绿绒蒿(M.impedita)3种绿绒蒿,随着年份的增加,花期呈现提前的变化趋势。(3)花期延后天数最多的为红花绿绒蒿,在1880—2017年之间,平均花期延后6 d,花期提前天数最多的是滇西绿绒蒿,在1880—2017年之间,平均花期提前5 d。综上所述,该研究结果表明绿绒蒿属植物的花期受气候变暖的影响整体呈现延后的趋势,且多数种类的花期均延后,少数种类会有花期提前的趋势。

In the recent years,with the significant increase in global temperature,global warming caused by climate change has attracted widespread attention.Climate warming will change plant phenology,and the changes in flowering period can directly reflect the adaptation of plants to the surrounding environment,especially alpine plants are more sensitive to climate change,therefore,exploring the flowering period of alpine plants is more representative.In order to understand the changing characteristics of the flowering period of plants under the background of climate warming,and to develop reasonable plant protection measures.We took the famous alpine plant Meconopsis as an example,based on the data of 3056 alpine plant specimens of Meconopsis from 1880 to 2017 kept by the Chinese Virtual Herbarium.Among them,the attributive years of flowering specimens were 104 years,and there were 1539 specimens of statistical significance.Correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between the flowering period and year of Meconopsis plants distributed in China.The results were as follows:(1)Under the background of climate warming,with the increase of years,the flowering period of Meconopsis showed a trend of postponing.(2)There were differences between species,among them,six species of Meconopsis,including M.integrifolia,M.punicea,M.racemosa,M.henrici,M.lancifolia and M.chelidonifolia,showed a trend of delayed flowering period with the increase of years;the flowering period of three Meconopsis species,M.horridula,M.quintuplinervia and M.impedita showed an earlier trend with the increase of years.(3)Among them,the number of days of delayed flowering period was M.punicea,which was delayed by 6 d on average from 1880 to 2017,and the most advanced number of flowering days was M.impedita,with an average of 5 d in advance from 1880 to 2017.In conclusion,the results of this study indicate that the flowering period of Meconopsis trends to be delayed as a whole under the influence of climate warming,and the flowering period of most species is delayed,while the flowering period of a few species trends to be earlier.