董仲舒所论“身行之志”

Dong Zhongshu’s Idea of“Zhi in the Sense of Body”

董仲舒学说的核心观念是“志”。董氏以人类个体的身心意象为底层喻体,他认为个体之心实是无形之身体,心之志即是此无形身体“善善恶恶”的行为倾向。他类推自然天、人类社会、《春秋》之言的身心结构分别是天地-阴阳、臣民-君主、文字-书法,其志则分别是尊阳卑阴、任贤化民、伸善屈恶的行为倾向。而志之贯通性,则体现在天人之际的名言世界之中。

The core concept of Dong Zhongshu’s theory is“Zhi”.Dong takes the physical and mental image of human individual as the underlying metaphor.He believes that the heart of the individual is actually an invisible body,and the“Zhi”of the heart is the behavioral tendency of this invisible body to be“good and evil”.By analogy,the physical and mental structures of natural heaven,human society and the expressions in The Spring and Autumn Annals are heaven and earth-yin and yang,subjects-monarchs,words-diction,and their“Zhi”are the behavioral tendencies of respecting yang and belittling yin,appointing the virtuous and educating the people,praising good and abandoning evil.The unity of“Zhi”is reflected in the expressions of the interaction between heaven and man.