甘蔗重要亲本田间自然抗黑穗病测定

Test of Smut Resistance of Sugarcane Main Parents under Natural Infection

甘蔗黑穗病抗病育种是甘蔗抗病育种的主要目标之一,为了解近年广西甘蔗主要亲本抗性情况,选择98个甘蔗亲本在黑穗病高发蔗区广西百色进行了2新3宿田间自然发病测试。试验结果表明黑穗病发生在不同年度、不同时期存在较大差异,宿根蔗下半年的发病率相对较高,新植蔗不宜用于黑穗病抗性评价。黑穗病发病率属较高遗传力性状,受到试验年度、作物季、亲本和亲本×试验类型互作等因素的影响;随着宿根年限延长,甘蔗黑穗病的发生将明显降低次年宿根蔗有效茎的数量,从而导致甘蔗减产。抗性评价表明,在测试亲本中有‘YC89-7’和‘YZ06-80’等29个抗病亲本,占29.59%;‘FR97-53’和‘GT10-2018’等6个中抗亲本,占6.12%;‘GT08-120’和‘GT02-833’等18个中感亲本,占18.37%;‘GT87-7’和‘GT05-955’等36个感病亲本,占36.74%;‘CP07-1618’和‘GT05-ym3’等9个高感亲本,占9.18%。与20多年前相比,甘蔗的抗病亲本占有率没有明显提高;调整区试方法、抗性测定时设立对照组品种、明确蔗区黑穗病抗性适应等级将有助于提高甘蔗抗黑穗病育种效率。

Sugarcane smut resistance is one of the main objectives of sugarcane disease resistance breeding.In order to understand the resistance of main sugarcane parents in Guangxi in recent years,98 parents were selected for natural infection test in 5 crops(two plant and three ratoon)in Baise,Guangxi,a high smut incidence area.The results showed that smut incidence had a great difference in year and different periods.The incidence of ratoon cane was relatively high in the second half of the year.Plant cane is not suitable for smut resistance evaluation.The incidence of smut is a high heritability trait and it could be affected by some factors including year,crop seasons,parents,and parents×trials,etc;With the extension of ratoon years,sugarcane smut significantly reduces the millable cane in the consequent ratoon,which leads to the reduction of sugarcane yield.The evaluation result showed that there were 29 resistant parents such as YC89-7 and YZ06-80,accounting for 29.59%;six moderately resistant parents,accounting for 6.12%,including FR97-53 and GT10-2018;eighteen moderately susceptible parents,including GT08-120,GT02-833,accounting for 18.37%;thirty six susceptible parents such as GT87-7 and GT05-955,accounting for 36.74%;CP07-1618,GT05-ym3 and other 7 highly susceptible parents,accounting for 9.18%.Compared with 20 years ago,the percentage of resistant parents in sugarcane was not significantly improved.The adjustment of regional test methods,the establishment of control varieties and the determination of resistance level to smut in sugarcane area will be helpful for improving the efficiency of breeding for smut resistance in sugarcane.