国家糖料体系区试示范甘蔗新品种(系)病情调查与抗性分析

Diseases Investigation and Resistance Analysis of New Sugarcane Varieties(Clones)in the Regional Test Demonstration of the National Sugar System

甘蔗生产存在土壤长期连作、种苗无性繁殖连作、宿根栽培连作等固有特性,蔗区气候复杂多变,加之生长期长达一年之久,历经春夏秋冬四季,病多虫多侵染时间长,灾害性病虫常发重发,使甘蔗受损极为严重。筛选和培育抗病品种是解决病害最经济有效的根本途径。本研究对2020—2021年国家糖料体系开远综合试验站区试和示范48个甘蔗新品种(系)病情进行了系统调查,并采样检测3种花叶病病毒和Bru1基因,分析明确各新品种(系)对常见甘蔗灾害性病害的发病程度和Bru1基因分布状况,为甘蔗新品种合理布局与推广应用提供依据。结果表明:48个参试甘蔗新品种(系)100%感染花叶病,病株率在30%以上的多达29个,其中感染甘蔗花叶病毒(SCMV)无、感染高粱花叶病毒(SrMV)有16个,感染甘蔗线条花叶病毒(SCSMV)有48个;有20个发生黑穗病,以‘云蔗11-1204’、‘柳城09-15’、‘云蔗11-1074’、‘粤甘51号’发病较重,病株率分别为23.0%、20.0%、15.0%、11.0%;有37个发生褐条病、30个发生梢腐病、13个发生锈病、10个发生叶焦病、10个发生轮斑病、5个发生褐斑病,其中‘粤甘49号’、‘桂糖13-386’、‘海蔗28号’、‘粤甘52号’、‘中糖1301’、‘云瑞10-187’重度感染锈病,‘柳城09-19’、‘粤甘53号’、‘中糖1301’、‘中蔗13号’重度感染梢腐病,‘福农09-6201’、‘闽糖11-610’重度感染褐条病,‘闽糖11-610’重度感染叶焦病,‘云蔗11-3898’重度感染眼斑病,‘中蔗13号’重度感染轮斑病;有16个未检测到Bru1基因、有32个检测到Bru1基因。结果显示,甘蔗花叶病、黑穗病、褐条病、梢腐病、锈病是云南蔗区重要的灾害性病害,SCSMV是花叶病优势病毒,应给予高度关注,建议生产上合理使用调查明确的抗病新品种,不宜种植感病品种和加大淘汰感病主栽品种,从根本上控制病害流行成灾,增强防灾减灾夺丰收能力。

Sugarcane production faces the problems caused by long-term continuous cropping,asexual propagation,and ratoon cultivation.The climate in the sugarcane planting area is complex and changeable.In addition,its growth period is as long as one year,which goes through the four seasons,resulting in long times for infection of various diseases and damage by pests that leading to decline of cane yield.Screening and breeding resistant varieties is the most economical and effective fundamental way to solve disease.This study conducted a systematic investigation on diseases for 48 new sugarcane varieties/clones in the regional test demonstration of Kaiyuan comprehensive experimental station of National Sugar System from 2020 to 2021,sampled and detected 3 mosaic virus and Bru1 gene,analyzed and clarified the incidence of common sugarcane disastrous diseases and the distribution of Bru1 gene in each new varieties/clones,and provide a basis for rational distribution,popularization and application of new sugarcane varieties.The results showed that 48 new sugarcane varieties/clones were 100%infected with mosaic disease,as many as 29 with a diseased plant rate of more than 30%.Among them,none was infected with SCMV,16 were infected with SrMV,and 48 were infected with SCSMV.Sugarcane smut occurred in 20 varieties,among which,Yunzhe 11-1204,Liucheng 09-15,Yunzhe 11-1074,Yuegan 51 were more severely infected.Their diseased plant rates were 23.0%,20.0%,15.0%,and 11.0%,respectively.There were 37,30,13,10,10 and 5 varieties infected with brown stripe,pokkah boeng,rust,leaf scorch,ring spot and brown spot respectively,Yuegan 49,Guitang 13-386,Haizhe 28,Yuegan 52,Zhongtang 1301,Yunrui 10-187 were seriously infected with rust;Liucheng 09-19,Yuegan 53,Zhongtang 1301,and Zhongtang 13 were seriously infected with pokkah boeng;Funong 09-6201,Mintang 11-610 were seriously infected with brown stripe;Mintang 11-610 was seriously infected with leaf scorch;Yunzhe 11-3898 was seriously infected with eye spot,and Zhongzhe 13 was seriously infected with ring spot.Bru1 gene was not detected in 16 varieties and was detected in 32 varieties.The results showed that sugarcane mosaic,smut,brown stripe,pokkah boeng,and rust are important disastrous diseases in Yunnan sugarcane regions.SCSMV is the dominant virus of mosaic and should be given high attention.It is recommended to rationally use new disease-resistant varieties that have been clearly investigated in production,and it is not suitable to plant susceptible varieties and increase the elimination of susceptible main varieties,so as to fundamentally control disease epidemics and disasters,and enhance the ability to control and reduce disasters to achieve better harvest.