算法社会的技术内涵、演化过程与治理创新

Technical Connotation,Evolution Process and Governance Innovation of Algorithmic Society

新一代人工智能技术创新背景下,算法作为人类生产生活新规则的重要性日益凸显,并推动社会形态演化进入算法社会的新阶段。算法社会不仅意味着算法作为追求效率的技术工具的普及应用,更重要的还在于其体现出的主体特征并嵌入人类生产关系以及与其他要素产生的相互影响。可以从技术内涵、演化过程和治理创新三个方面揭示算法社会的运行逻辑。公理化和计算化数学思想分野下,“算法”已经不能被视为中立性的技术产品,而应被理解为纳入环境、系统因素考量的“技术-社会”体系,其本身具有的多重可能性将在与其他社会因素互动进程中不断演化并产生政治影响。生命政治概念下的安全机制和规训机制解释了算法产生政治影响的原因,以及代码作为“治理术”的具体作用,而可计算性争论构成了讨论算法规范性力量限度与范围的起点。在此基础上,提出应以整体性、系统性、关联性视角探索治理创新路径,以便在释放算法变革潜力的同时控制应用风险。

With the development of artificial intelligence,algorithm has been the new rules of human society and pushed us into the new stage of algorithmic society where algorithm is not only the technical tools designed for efficiency,but also the pervasive environment where society is embedded.The paper ex-plains the operating principles of algorithmic society from three dimensions,technical connotation,evolu-tion process and governance innovation.Based on the comparison between axiomatic and computational mathematics,the computerization concept of algorithm illustrates the special characteristics of algorithmic society.The multi-possibility and social process of the development of algorithms indicated its embedded technological politics.Additionally,the analysis on bio-politics,govermentality of code,and the disputes on computable society help understand the mechanism of how algorithm would influence the society.The paper inspires the following research to adopt a life-cycle perspective to understand the social characteris-tics of algorithms and restructure the governance system of algorithmic society holistically and systematical-ly.