一种板材/带材拉伸试验通用夹具的设计与应用

Design and Application of a Universal Fixture for Sheet/Strip Tensile Test

针对拉伸夹具在测试金属板材、带材的室温拉伸和高温拉伸力学性能时带来的不利因素,设计了一套用于板材、带材室温拉伸和高温拉伸试验的通用夹具,详细说明了夹具的设计要求及装配原理,利用楔形和销孔固定双重结构使试样装夹牢固且不变形,设计了楔形槽和楔形块的装配结构,使试样装夹方便快捷。利用该夹具对GH5188和GH3044薄板试样进行了高温拉伸试验,通过评估试样在不同厚度和不同温度下拉伸后的变形情况和测试效果,判定该夹具是否达到使用要求。结果表明,设计的新型夹具能够对不同厚度薄板进行有效的拉伸测试,避免了反复更换夹具及试样从夹持部位滑脱,保证了拉伸试样的同轴度,更换试样方便快捷,高温测试省去了降温升温过程,提高了试验效率,具有广泛的应用和推广价值。

Aimed at the unfavorable factors brought by tensile fixture in testing mechanical properties of sheet and strip metal at room temperature and high temperature,a set of universal fixture used for tensile test of sheet and strip at room temperature and high temperature was designed,and the designing requirements and assembly principle of the fixture were described in details.The wedge-shaped and pinch-hole that fixing double structure were used to make the sample clamps firmly and without deformation,and the assembly structure of wedge-shaped groove and wedge-shaped block were designed to make the sample clamps easily and quickly.The high temperature tensile test for the GH5188 and GH3044 sheet samples was experimented through using this fixture.By evaluating the deformation and testing effect of the specimens under different thickness and different temperature,it was determined whether the fixture met the requirements.The results showed that the new designed fixture could finish the effective plate tensile test of different thickness,avoid repeatedly replacement of fixture,and avoid slip of the sample from the clamping parts,which ensured the coaxiality of tensile specimen,realized convenient and quick replacement of the sample.The high temperature tensile test reduced cooling and heating process,and improved the test efficiency,which had extensive application and popularization value.