基于开放数据的小城镇现状分析方法研究--以山东省平阴县主城区为例

A Preliminary Study on the Construction Method of Small-Town Planning Analysis System Based on Open Source Data

城镇群体系发展战略影响下,小城镇作为联系中心城市与乡村的节点,将迎来高速发展的契机。面对小城镇的现状,需要在前期分析阶段引入定量研究的方法,针对小城镇的特点,进行相对应的规划设计。规划分析技术的引入为小城镇的规划编制工作提供了有效的辅助手段,通过对数据工具的高效利用,可以有效地提升现状分析的深度与精度。本文将以小城镇为研究对象,建立结合有意识公共参与及基于开放数据的规划现状分析框架,或可成为小城镇规划设计中挖掘问题,辅助决策,指导设计的工具。

This research belongs to a series of achievements of the“urban interaction”model project.It is tool research for collecting a customized basis for the overall objective system of the model.Small towns are the focus of urban and rural planning at present and in the future.Small towns in China under the urban agglomeration development strategy are about to usher in significant development opportunities.However,due to the development model dominated by big cities,small towns are facing development gaps.Adopting an urban model approach may assist the urban planning and urban management of small towns.Urban modelling is often applied to simulate or predict the physical form of a city or the social and economic activities within the city,and to avoid a costly trial and error process in urban construction.However,while its related theories are increasing,the urban growth model is still largely in the experimental stage.Chinese small-towns have a simple production structure and a limited number of land use types,which makes it a suitable case study.Moreover,model system studies on small towns in China are consistent with current trends in the model research field.Due to the complex situation of small towns,the introduction of quantitative research is needed in planning and design,so the corresponding planning and design methods can be studied according to the characteristics of targeted towns.Meanwhile,the introduction of new planning technology provides an opportunity for the planning and compilation of small towns to develop by leaps.This paper will take small towns as the research object,and establish an analysis framework of planning and design based on conscious public participation and open data,which may become a tool to dig problems,assist decision-making and guide design in planning and design of small towns.Small towns are facing the problem of unbalanced space shaping,followed by the problem that the spatial characteristics of small towns are difficult to continue,and finally the problem of operability.The insufficient financial budget of small towns and other uncertain factors may also affect the progress of planning work in the implementation process.The rational use of planning analysis technology can assist the planning of small towns and lay a good foundation for the rapid development of small towns.The overall analysis of small towns is mainly to solve the problems of structural balance in the form of small towns and industrial planning in economic development,comprehensively evaluate the rationality of the spatial structure of small towns by using the methods of POI analysis,network analysis,microblog semantic analysis and enterprise data analysis,and objectively display the industrial distribution and industrial development status of small towns.The traffic analysis of small towns is mainly to evaluate the rationality of the road network structure,find the problems existing in the traffic services of small towns,and evaluate the balance of public transport and public facilities services.The local nodes of small towns mainly study the design of road sections and street facades.In addition to the traffic function,a street is also an important place for social activities.At the same time,it can play a certain commercial role.Reasonable section and street facade design can effectively promote the sustainable prosperity of small towns.Machine learning is a method of designing and using algorithms that can be automatically learned and improved by computers,analyzing and obtaining pattern from data,and using pattern to predict unknown data.Using machine learning CNN(convolutional neural network)can well complete the semantic segmentation of the image.In the aspect of street character analysis,the machine learning method can be used to conduct batch analysis and statistics on a large number of street scenes or survey pictures,to extract and classify the characteristics of all streets in small towns,summarize the matching degree of street status and function according to the classification,and carry out unified processing.Based on the development status and practical needs of small towns,this paper combs the existing technical means,combined with public participation,and puts forward an overall status analysis system of small towns based on open data.Its characteristics include:(1)In view of the common problems existing in the current small towns,different data acquisition and analysis tools are set up respectively,including spatial structure,industrial development,format layout,transportation services and landscape environment.A comprehensive diagnosis is made for the target small towns,and suggestions for updating and upgrading are put forward.(2)Combined with the practical needs of planning and updating,the existing technical means are summarized and integrated at different scale levels,the analysis system is clarified,the auxiliary analysis ability of the tools is improved,and the deviation caused by data bias is avoided.