故宫奉先殿建筑形制特征与建造年代考

Textual Research on Architectural Form,Characteristics,and Construction Period of Fengxian Hall in the Forbidden City in Beijing

基于近期对故宫奉先殿建筑勘测成果的整理与分析,本文在建筑构造、斗栱形制、遗存题记、用材特点等方面对其建筑的基本特征进行了分析。参考宋代《营造法式》和清工部《工程做法》,并与明、清殿阁式建筑实例对比,结合清初宫廷史资料记载进行综合分析后,推断出故宫现存奉先殿应建造于清顺治朝,这不仅代表了北方明清官式建筑发展的一个重要阶段,也对研究清初官式殿阁式建筑具有重要意义。

Based on the results of a recent investigation,this paper explores the architectural characteristics of Fengxian Hall in the Forbidden City in Beijing through analysis of its structure,dougong,inscriptions,and building materials.The comparison of these characteristics with those specified in Song building standards(Yingzao fashi)and Qing standards(Gongcheng zuofa),as well as those seen at other roughly concurrent buildings(from the Ming and Qing dynasties),brings to light some new findings.Now,combined with the information obtained from historical documents issued by the early Qing court,the paper concludes that Fengxian Hall was built in the Shunzhi reign period of Qing.The hall represents an important stage in the development of official style in northern China,and has great significance for the study of government-sponsored architecture in the early Qing dynasty.